Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis

Mixed cryoglobulinemia

“…This is an in vitro phenomenon ( Fig. 1), the actual mechanism(s) of cryoprecipitation remains obscure, it could be secondary to intrinsic characteristics of both mono-and polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) components, it can be caused as well by the interaction among single components of the cryoprecipitate [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…Type I cryoglobulinemia is almost invariably associated with well-known hematological disorders and is frequently asymptomatic per se; similarly, circulating mixed cryoglobulins are commonly detected in a great number of infectious or systemic disorders [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. On the contrary, 'essential' MC represents a distinct disorder [3][4][5][6], which can be classified among systemic vasculitides [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

“…On the contrary, 'essential' MC represents a distinct disorder [3][4][5][6], which can be classified among systemic vasculitides [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (Fig.…”

“…2) is secondary to vascular deposition of circulating immune-complexes, mainly cryoglobulins, and complement, with the possible contribution of both hemorheological and local factors [3][4][5][6]. Due to its clinical and histological features, MC is classified in the subgroup of small vessel systemic vasculitides, which also includes cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis and Henoch-Schonlein purpura [3,10].…”

“…It may involve small-and medium-sized vessels and may be responsible for multiple organ involvement. The term 'cryoglobulinemic vasculitis' is frequently used as synonym; it better focus on the typical histopathological alterations responsible for cutaneous and visceral organ involvement [3,10].…”