Cryogenic resonant microwave cavity searches for hidden sector photons

Parker, Stephen R.; Hartnett, John G.; Povey, Rhys; Tobar, Michael E.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.88.112004

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our results demonstrate that SRF cavities can serve as the longest coherence platform for e.g. 3D cQED and quantum memory [4,8] applications, as well as for various fundamental physics experiments, such as dark photon searches [9]. Furthermore, it is the first direct study of the TLS in the 3D Nb resonators in the quantum regime, as well as the demonstration of the drastic TLS-induced dissipation decrease associated with the oxide removal.We have used fine grain high residual resistivity ratio (RRR) > ∼ 200 bulk single cell niobium cavities of the TESLA shape [10] with resonant frequencies of the TM010 modes of 1.3, 2.6, and 5.0 GHz.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

Three-Dimensional Superconducting Resonators at T<20 mK with Photon Lifetimes up to τ=2 s

Romanenko¹,

Pilipenko²,

Zorzetti³

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Applied

165

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Very high quality factor superconducting radio frequency cavities developed for accelerators can offer a path to a 1000-fold increase in the achievable coherence times for cavity-stored quantum states in the 3D circuit QED architecture. Here we report the first measurements of several accelerator cavities of f0 =1.3, 2.6, 5 GHz resonant frequencies down to temperatures of about 10 mK and field levels down to a few photons, which reveal record high photon lifetimes up to 2 seconds, while also further exposing the role of the two level systems (TLS) in the niobium oxide. We also demonstrate how the TLS contribution can be greatly suppressed by the special vacuum heat treatment.Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities in particle accelerators routinely achieve [1, 2] very high quality factors Q > 10 10 − 10 11 corresponding to photon lifetimes T 1 as long as tens of seconds, much higher than highest reported Q ∼ 10 8 used in various quantum regime studies [3,4] with T 1 ∼ 1 msec. Thus, adopting SRF cavities for a 3D circuit QED architecture for quantum computing or memory appears to be a very promising approach due to the potential of a thousand-fold increase in the photon lifetime and therefore cavity-stored quantum state coherence times. Recent investigations [5] revealed that the two-level systems (TLS) residing inside the niobium oxide may play a significant role in the low field performance of SRF cavities, similarly to the 2D resonators [6,7]. Therefore, direct probing in the quantum regime is required to assess the performance of the "as-is" SRF cavities, as well as to guide any future Q improvement directions. Up to now, no such investigations have been performed.In this article, we report the first measurements of a selection of state-of-the-art SRF cavities down to very low temperatures (T < 20 mK) and very low fields ("quantum" regime). We achieve the highest reported photon lifetimes of more than 2 sec, and observe a Q decrease when going from previously explored temperatures of 1.4 K down to below 20 mK. Our results demonstrate that SRF cavities can serve as the longest coherence platform for e.g. 3D cQED and quantum memory [4,8] applications, as well as for various fundamental physics experiments, such as dark photon searches [9]. Furthermore, it is the first direct study of the TLS in the 3D Nb resonators in the quantum regime, as well as the demonstration of the drastic TLS-induced dissipation decrease associated with the oxide removal.We have used fine grain high residual resistivity ratio (RRR) > ∼ 200 bulk single cell niobium cavities of the TESLA shape [10] with resonant frequencies of the TM010 modes of 1.3, 2.6, and 5.0 GHz. One of the investigated 1.3 GHz cavities has been heat treated in vacuum at 340 • C in a custom designed furnace as the last step of the cavity preparation. This novel treatment [11] removes/modifies the niobium pentoxide and allows us to directly investigate the associated improvement in the TLS dissipation.The measurements have been performed first at the vertical t...

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mentioning

confidence: 66%

Three-Dimensional Superconducting Resonators at T<20 mK with Photon Lifetimes up to τ=2 s

Romanenko¹,

Pilipenko²,

Zorzetti³

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Applied

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…(4) does not account for the instabilities of the resonant frequency of a high-q resonator. such instabilities are of primary importance for the development of secondary frequency standards, such as sapphire clocks [15]; their effect on oscillator phase noise at F > 1 Hz is negligible relative to that given by (4).…”

Section: Relevance To Oscillatormentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, each receiver of the submillimeter array, which studies the evolution of gas clouds in our galaxy, contains an intermediate frequency stage based on a cryogenic microwave high-electron-mobility-transistor (HEMT) amplifier [1], [2]. The lnas are also essential for fundamental physics experiments such as the search for the axion-a hypothetical dark matter particle [3]-and other weakly interacting slim particles [4]. Furthermore, lnas are the key building blocks of high-precision interferometric noise measurement systems [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise properties of cryogenic microwave amplifiers and relevance to oscillator frequency stabilization

Ivanov

Parker

Bara-Maillet

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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We studied noise properties of a new generation of energy-efficient microwave low-noise high-electron-mobilitytransistor amplifiers. The noise measurements were conducted both at room and cryogenic temperature with the amplifiers strongly decoupled from the environment to reduce the influence of ambient temperature fluctuations on their phase noise spectra. Our results show the importance of keeping the amplifiers operating in the small-signal regime if they are to be used for applications such as precision electromagnetic measurements and oscillator frequency stabilization.

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“…This new type of cavity exhibits the highest magnetic field confinement in microwave cavities. In addition, this new cavity design can have potential applications in testing fundamental physics, such as paraphoton detection 61 . From our investigation, results show that strong coupling could also be achieved by a double-post cavity,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards achieving strong coupling in three-dimensional-cavity with solid state spin resonance

Floch

Delhote

Aubourg

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Physics

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We investigate the microwave magnetic field confinement in several microwave 3D-cavities, using 3D finite-element analysis to determine the best design and achieve strong coupling between microwave resonant cavity photons and solid state spins. Specifically, we design cavities for achieving strong coupling of electromagnetic modes with an ensemble of nitrogen vacancy (NV) defects in diamond. We report here a novel and practical cavity design with a magnetic filling factor of up to 4 times (2 times higher collective coupling) than previously achieved using 1D superconducting cavities with small mode volume. In addition, we show that by using a double-split resonator cavity, it is possible to achieve up to 200 times better cooperative factor than the currently demonstrated with NV in diamond. These designs open up further opportunities for studying strong and ultra-strong coupling effects on spins in solids using alternative systems with a wider range of design parameters.PACS numbers: 33.15, 41.20, 42.50 Keywords: strong coupling modeling, high cooperative factor, microwave resonator, NV center, electromagnetic wave a)Electronic mail: jm_lefloch@hust.edu.cn, jeanmichel.lefloch@uwa.edu.au 2 Strong coupling of paramagnetic spin defects with a photonic cavity is used in quantum computer architecture, to interface electrons spins with photons, facilitating their read-out and processing of quantum information. To achieve this, the combination of collective coupling of spins and cavity mode is more feasible, and offers a promising method. This is a relevant milestone to develop advanced quantum technology and to test fundamental physics principles.

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Cryogenic resonant microwave cavity searches for hidden sector photons

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

Three-Dimensional Superconducting Resonators at T<20 mK with Photon Lifetimes up to τ=2 s

Three-Dimensional Superconducting Resonators at T<20 mK with Photon Lifetimes up to τ=2 s

Noise properties of cryogenic microwave amplifiers and relevance to oscillator frequency stabilization

Towards achieving strong coupling in three-dimensional-cavity with solid state spin resonance

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