Cryogenic detectors of particles: hopes and challenges

Sadoulet, B.

doi:10.1109/23.12671

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The energy resolution of such a detector is statistically limited by the number of the excitation quanta released per unit energy into the 1 Deceased 2 Retired channels used for detection. The typical quanta of energies of most widely used detectors, like scintillator and semiconductor detectors, are O(1-10 eV) [4,5]. On the other hand, in LTDs the energy deposition in the absorber is primarily in the form of phonons whose energy quanta vary from meV at 300 K down to 𝜇eV at 10 mK.…”

Section: Cryogenic Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CUORE Opens the Door to Tonne-scale Cryogenics Experiments

Adams,

Alduino,

Alessandria

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The past few decades have seen major developments in the design and operation of cryogenic particle detectors. This technology offers an extremely good energy resolution -comparable to semiconductor detectors -and a wide choice of target materials, making low temperature calorimetric detectors ideal for a variety of particle physics applications. Rare event searches have continued to require ever greater exposures, which has driven them to ever larger cryogenic detectors, with the CUORE experiment being the first to reach a tonne-scale, mK-cooled, experimental mass. CUORE, designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay, has been operational since 2017 at a temperature of about 10 mK. This result has been attained by the use of an unprecedentedly large cryogenic infrastructure called the CUORE cryostat: conceived, designed and commissioned for this purpose.In this article the main characteristics and features of the cryogenic facility developed for the CUORE experiment are highlighted. A brief introduction of the evolution of the field and of the past cryogenic facilities are given. The motivation behind the design and development of the CUORE cryogenic facility is detailed as are the steps taken toward realization, commissioning, and operation of the CUORE cryostat. The major challenges overcome by the collaboration and the solutions implemented throughout the building of the cryogenic facility will be discussed along with the potential improvements for future facilities.The success of CUORE has opened the door to a new generation of large-scale cryogenic facilities in numerous fields of science. Broader implications of the incredible feat achieved by the CUORE collaboration on the future cryogenic facilities in various fields ranging from neutrino and dark matter experiments to quantum computing will be examined.

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Section: Cryogenic Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CUORE Opens the Door to Tonne-scale Cryogenics Experiments

Adams,

Alduino,

Alessandria

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Very low temperatures and the presence of OH ~ impurities are much less critical. Crystals in the form of long thin rods have been suggested for acoustical detection [13]; this geometry maintains the different topologies of shower and pointlike events, reduces event localization to a simple linear problem, and holds the sensor-active area of the detector to a minimum.…”

Section: Line-spectroscopic Approach To Study Of Solar Neutrinos By Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Line-spectroscopic approach to study of solar neutrinos by cryogenic bolometry of charged and neutral current reactions onLi7

Raghavan

Kovács

1993

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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The astrophysics and the particle physics of solar neutrinos can be tested independently by two line signals induced by neutral (NC) and charged current (CO neutrino reactions on ^Li, in a highresolution, bolometric, 4-ton LiF detector. The NC 7-ray line signal measures the flux of neutrinos of all flavors with £'v> 0.478 MeV, setting a firm empirical basis for the model-dependent links of the solar reaction chains. The CC signal from the model-independent '"pep'" line is a "yes/no" signal for flavor conservation. The shape of the CCipep) line is a direct thermometric probe of the solar core.PACS numbers: 96.60. Kx, 25.30.Pt, 95.55.Vj The unresolved status of the solar neutrino problem despite data from four major experiments strongly encourages the development of detectors with which the underlying astrophysics and particle physics can be tested independently.In this spirit, we explore a new directcounting approach based on low-energy neutral (NC) and charged current (CC) transitions in ^Li [1], which promise information of unique importance because of their low transition thresholds and the basic difference in their flavor sensitivity. The NC channel in ^Li detects neutrinos of all flavors from all the major modeldependent solar reactions, thus providing a global test of astrophysical models of the Sun. The CC channel in ^Li is tuned only to electron neutrinos (v^) from the basic p-\-e-\-p reaction in the Sun, which produces a modelindependent, monoenergetic, ''standard" flux ideal for a basic general test of nonstandard neutrino models.In the proposed experiment, the two reactions produce sharp line signals, a feature of key importance for signal identification above background. Timely developments in cryogenic bolometry which demonstrate the feasibility of keV-class energy resolution in LiF crystals [2] offer a matching high-resolution detection technique. Preliminary signal/background considerations given here show that a relatively small 4-ton solar detector may yield decisive data in one year. A LiF detector will focus on three major results: the NC and the CC line signal rates and the line shape profile of the CC signal. We outline below the significance of these objectives and broadly identify basic design criteria for a LiF detector.The CC reaction Ve -^ ^Li-> e ~ 4-''Be produces e ~ signals reflecting the solar Ve spectrum. The only line signal (at 0.580 MeV) arises from the 1.442 MeV v^ line from the solar pep reaction, a simple variant of the basic pp reaction. The Ve (pep) flux at the Sun is determined (±5%) by basic nuclear physics [3], not by the astrophysical model details. Observation of a smaller CCipep) signal at the Earth can be caused only by nonconservation of Ve flavor by various means, especially conversion in solar matter or vacuum to another (active or sterile) flavor. In the parameter spaces currently allowed by experiment, all the proposed nonstandard neutrino models predict a zero or severely reduced Ve (pep) flux at the Earth. Thus, the CC(pep) line signal in ^Li is a unique "yes...

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“…Bolometers are incoherent devices, which absorb radiation and respond by changing temperature. They are sensitive to any process that deposits energy in them, and are being developed not only for detection of infrared and millimeter wave radiation (Serlemitsos, 1988), but also for detection of X-rays (McCammon et al, 1987), and even exotic particles (Sadoulet, 1988).…”

Section: Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Far‐infrared detectors for observational cosmology

Timbie

1994

Remote Sensing Reviews

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We describe the design of a radiometer for observations of faint astronomical sources at millimeter wavelengths. The main purpose of this instrument is to make extremely sensitive measurements of the spatial distribution of the 2.7° K Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. Important innovations in the design of this instrument are: 1) simultaneous detection of wavelengths in several bands from 2 mm to 10 mm, 2) an optical system with equal beam sizes at all wavelengths on a balloon-borne telescope platform, 3) extremely sensitive cooled bolometers with superconducting thermistors, and 4) a robust cryogenic system featuring an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for cooling detectors to 0.1° K in a balloon environment. These technologies are being developed by university students for future orbital applications.

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Cryogenic detectors of particles: hopes and challenges

Cited by 26 publications

References 55 publications

CUORE Opens the Door to Tonne-scale Cryogenics Experiments

CUORE Opens the Door to Tonne-scale Cryogenics Experiments

Line-spectroscopic approach to study of solar neutrinos by cryogenic bolometry of charged and neutral current reactions onLi7

Far‐infrared detectors for observational cosmology

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