Cryogenic ball milling: A key for elemental analysis of plastic-rich automotive shedder residue

Bruyère, Delphine; Simon, Stephen D.; Haas, Hubert; Conte, Thibauld; Ménad, Nour‐Eddine

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2016.03.009

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…There are about 50 million units of end-of-life vehicles (ELV) per year which generate 50 million tonnes of waste annually worldwide [1]. In recycling ELVs, there are three phases in ELV pre-processing, namely de-pollution, dismantling, and shredding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of Automotive Shredder Residues, Their Chemical Characterisation, and Pyrolysis Kinetics

et al. 2021

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Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR), a waste when metals are mostly removed from end-of-life vehicles, has constituents similar to municipal solid waste (MSW) consisting of plastics, rubber, textiles, and some metals. The processing of ASR is a challenge due to its heterogeneous nature, making feeding to a reactor difficult. In this work, a new procedure of ASR pretreatment is proposed to bring particulate nature in the sample for easier feeding during pyrolysis. The thermal breakdown characteristics of the pretreated ASR solids under slow pyrolysis conditions were assessed in a thermogravimetric analyser following the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC) kinetics committee recommendations. The effect of particle sizes and heating rates were studied at temperatures up to 800 °C at different heating rates of 2, 5, and 10 °C/min for three particle sizes, 38–63 µm, 63–90 µm, and 90–106 µm, and the kinetic data were derived. The volatiles emitted during pyrolysis were characterized by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). We also developed an algorithm for the selection of heating rate during the pyrolysis of the pretreated ASR. The DRIFTS results, kinetic data, and heating rate for the selected particle sizes are useful for the development of a pyrolysis process for pretreated ASR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of Automotive Shredder Residues, Their Chemical Characterisation, and Pyrolysis Kinetics

et al. 2021

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“…The cryomilled drugs become amorphous because of the fact the extremely low temperature inhibits the restoration process of the polymeric materials [47]. Cryo-grinding is being used now-a-days for plastic-rich automotive shredder [58], reducing 98% particles below 250 m and having 95.8 to 99.7% elemental recovery [58]. Cryogrinding is considered as a milestone to mix two immiscible polymers for preparing new materials or combined properties.…”

Section: Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extremely low-temperature allows the blending of LDPE (lowdensity polyethylene) and UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) for the synthesis of nanocomposite coating [56]. The cryomilling has also be used for waste beneficiation for electronics waste (e-waste), plastic rich automotive waste [57,58].…”

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confidence: 99%

Cryomilling as environmentally friendly synthesis route to prepare nanomaterials

Katiyar

Biswas

Tiwary

2020

International Materials Reviews

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The milling of materials at cryogenic temperature has gained importance both in academic as well as the industrial community in the last two decades, primarily because of significant advantages this technique as compared to milling at room temperature; environmental friendly nature, cost-effectiveness, rapid grain refinement, less contamination, and large scale production capability of various nanomaterials. Scientifically, milling at cryo-temperature exhibits several distinct material related phenomena; suppression of recovery and recrystallization, predominant fractures over cold welding, significantly low oxidation, and contamination, leading to rapid grain refinement. Cryomilling has extensively been used to obtain finer scale powder of spices for the preservation of aroma, medicines for effective dissolution, or amorphization. It has been considered an environmentally friendly process as it utilizes benign liquid nitrogen or argon without discharging any toxic entity to the environment, making the process attractive and sustainable. The present review is intended to provide various scientific as well as technological aspects of cryomilling, environmental impact, and future direction.

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“…However, the process of the cold-wet comminution of polymers in stirred media mills [ 15 ] shows much potential for the production of polymer powders for the PBF process. Compared to cryogenic (dry) comminution [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], no extreme temperatures are required, and it is possible to produce a wide range of different polymers in suitable sizes for the PBF process [ 15 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. In particular, wet comminution allows one to produce smaller particles than dry comminution, in several cases even below 5 µm [ 15 ], which opens new possibilities for the production of novel composite powders or fine-structured parts using smaller than ‘state-of-the art’ particles, if the powder flowability is maintained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrasion-Induced Acceleration of Melt Crystallisation of Wet Comminuted Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)

et al. 2022

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Within this contribution, the effect of grinding media wear on the melt crystallisation of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is addressed. PBT was wet ground in a stirred media mill in ethanol using different grinding media beads (silica, chrome steel, cerium-stabilised and yttrium-stabilised zirconia) at comparable stress energies with the intention to use the obtained particles as feed materials for the production of feedstocks for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (PBF-AM). In PBF‑AM, the feedstock’s optical, rheological and especially thermal properties—including melt crystallisation kinetics—strongly influence the processability and properties of the manufactured parts. The influence of process parameters and used grinding media during wet comminution on the optical properties, crystal structure, molar mass distribution, inorganic content (wear) and thermal properties of the obtained powders is discussed. A grinding media-dependent acceleration of the melt crystallisation could be attributed to wear particles serving as nuclei for heterogeneous crystallisation. Yttrium-stabilised zirconia grinding beads proved to be the most suitable for the production of polymer powders for the PBF process in terms of (fast) comminution kinetics, unchanged optical properties and the least accelerated crystallisation kinetics.

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Cryogenic ball milling: A key for elemental analysis of plastic-rich automotive shedder residue

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Pretreatment of Automotive Shredder Residues, Their Chemical Characterisation, and Pyrolysis Kinetics

Pretreatment of Automotive Shredder Residues, Their Chemical Characterisation, and Pyrolysis Kinetics

Cryomilling as environmentally friendly synthesis route to prepare nanomaterials

Abrasion-Induced Acceleration of Melt Crystallisation of Wet Comminuted Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)

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