2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.10.152
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Cryogenic 3D printing for tissue engineering

Abstract: a b s t r a c tWe describe a new cryogenic 3D printing technology for freezing hydrogels, with a potential impact to tissue engineering. We show that complex frozen hydrogel structures can be generated when the 3D object is printed immersed in a liquid coolant (liquid nitrogen), whose upper surface is maintained at the same level as the highest deposited layer of the object. This novel approach ensures that the process of freezing is controlled precisely, and that already printed frozen layers remain at a cons… Show more

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Cited by 51 publications
(42 citation statements)
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References 10 publications
(11 reference statements)
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“…The digital file for the selected 3D shape in STL (stereolithography) format was designed using Blender software [22] and printed using MakerBot MakerWare ™ .…”
Section: Using Fdm 3d Printing To Fabricate Solid Dispersionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The digital file for the selected 3D shape in STL (stereolithography) format was designed using Blender software [22] and printed using MakerBot MakerWare ™ .…”
Section: Using Fdm 3d Printing To Fabricate Solid Dispersionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Accuracy and printing resolution difficult to control due to the hydrogel material spreading during printing, before solidification is complete ( Figure 4B). A recent study by Adamkiewicz and coworkers demonstrated that printing hydrogels in liquid nitrogen reduces thermal stresses during printing, allowing for fabrication of scaffolds with more precisely defined dimensions ( Figure 4B) 78 . Printing directly into liquid nitrogen may allow for complex macroporous structures with soft hydrogel materials, but it would limit the ability to print with cells.…”
Section: Current Limitations and Challengesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many of the early studies in tissue bioprinting created custom-built printers 36b or created modifications to commercially available 3D printers 46,78 . Low-cost ommercially available printers mostly limited to printing with ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) or PLA by heating the material to very high temperatures (200 -240 o C) before extrusion 80 .…”
Section: Current Limitations and Challengesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is possible to quickly master the basics of ice-templating and rapidly get started. Finally, we can combine ice-templating with other materials processing and shaping routes such as foaming [38], tape-casting [39], spraying [40], extrusion [41], co-extrusion [42], or additive manufacturing [43,44]. These combinations make it possible to achieve more complex, hierarchical architectures.…”
Section: The Lure Of Ice-templating: What Makes It Unique ?mentioning
confidence: 99%