2001
DOI: 10.1002/lsm.1076.abs
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Cryogen spray cooling in laser dermatology: Effects of ambient humidity and frost formation

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Cited by 18 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…In the single-droplet evaporation model, is adjusted until best fits the experimental data in the range of mm. At mm, the temperature data are somewhat higher than those predicted by the model, likely indicating release of latent heat from water vapor deposited on the thermocouple bead [21]. Indeed, signs of condensation and frost formation on the bead were noted at mm, despite performing the measurements in a dry atmosphere with relative humidity below 5%.…”
Section: (C) and (D)] Thementioning
confidence: 67%
“…In the single-droplet evaporation model, is adjusted until best fits the experimental data in the range of mm. At mm, the temperature data are somewhat higher than those predicted by the model, likely indicating release of latent heat from water vapor deposited on the thermocouple bead [21]. Indeed, signs of condensation and frost formation on the bead were noted at mm, despite performing the measurements in a dry atmosphere with relative humidity below 5%.…”
Section: (C) and (D)] Thementioning
confidence: 67%
“…16,26 Frost formation has been shown to form on the skin surface approximately 100 milliseconds after the end of the cryogen spurt. [27][28][29] The laser pulse in this study was delivered 10 milliseconds after the end of the laser pulse, and therefore, frost formation did not affect the fluence levels within the tissue.…”
Section: Light-skinned Individuals (Groups 1 and 2)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Heat diffusion from these regions towards the skin surface leads to elevated superficial temperatures and may affect the overall CSC dynamics. In particular, a temperature rise decreases the residence time of the cryogen film and frost [23]. Future studies should experimentally address the role of substrate temperature on CSC.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%