Cryogel Poly(acrylamide): Synthesis, Structure and Applications

Carvalho, Bruna Mara Aparecida de; Silva, S. L. Da; Silva, L. H. M. Da; Minim, Valéria Paula Rodrigues; Silva, M. C. H. Da; Carvalho, L. M.; Minim, Luís Antônio

doi:10.1080/15422119.2013.795902

Cited by 58 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In all of these studies, however, the value given as porosity refers only to the macropores fraction, ignoring other‐sized pores. This consideration is not in error, given the importance of the macropores for the cryogels and their applications with macromolecules and whole cells , but could lead to questions if not made explicit when used, principally when working with smaller molecules which would have access to the smaller pores.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the characteristics of the pAAm cryogels, their use in the form of a fixed bed in the purification of biocompounds from concentrated or nonclarified media presents great potential . Many of the cryogel characteristics, however, are estimated in batches using techniques that involve considerable errors, since they depend on the subjective characteristics of the analyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternatives for characterizing macroporous polyacrylamide monolithic ion exchanger columns

Fontan

Bonomo

Gonçalves

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The development of new adsorbents to separate biocompounds and polyacrylamide monolithic cryogels shows great potential for purifying macromolecules from non‐clarified media. In this work, alternatives for functionalization and characterization of polyacrylamide monoliths grafted with 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanosulfonic acid were explored. Dynamic grafting did not affect swelling capacity, or graft density. Pore size was evaluated by optical microscopy, which presented the same values obtained by scanning electronic microscopy. The method of moments was used to determine porosity, apparent axial dispersion coefficient, and the height of the theoretical plates of the columns, presenting results consistent with those in the literature. The permeability constant was determined by varying the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid at constant pressure, with the value being the same as that obtained by varying the hydrostatic pressure over the column. Results demonstrated these techniques were adequate for characterizing polyacrylamide cryogels, opening new perspectives in this field. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1717–1725, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives for characterizing macroporous polyacrylamide monolithic ion exchanger columns

Fontan

Bonomo

Gonçalves

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…In order to circumvent this issue, macroporous phantoms were created by polymerizing polyacrylamide solutions under freezing conditions. Freezing the acrylamide solution prior to polymerization leads to polycrystals of frozen solvent surrounded by an unfrozen liquid microphase (ULMP) of highly concentrated monomers[20, 21]. These polycrystals serve as pore formers while the ULMP polymerizes around them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acrylamide solutions were then cross-linked by free radical polymerization with TEMED and APS inside 24 well plates at room temperature. Macroporous phantoms where made by a cryogelation technique that involves crosslinking under freezing conditions[20, 21]. These solutions were cooled to 0° C in an ice water bath where TEMED and APS were added to initiate polymerization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroporous acrylamide phantoms improve prediction of in vivo performance of in situ forming implants

Hernandez

Gawlik

Goss

et al. 2016

Journal of Controlled Release

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In situ forming implants (ISFIs) have shown promise as a sustained, local drug delivery system for therapeutics in a variety of applications. However, development of ISFIs has been hindered by poor correlation between in vitro study results and in vivo performance. In contrast to oral dosage forms, there is currently no clear consensus on a standard for in vitro drug dissolution studies for parenteral formulations. Recent studies have suggested that the disparity between in vivo and in vitro behavior of phase-inverting ISFIs may be, in part, due to differences in injection site stiffness. Accordingly, this study aimed to create acrylamide-based hydrogel phantoms of various porosities and stiffness, which we hypothesized would better predict in vivo performance. Implant microstructure and shape were found to be dependent on the stiffness of the phantoms, while drug release was found to be dependent on both phantom porosity and stiffness. Specifically, SEM analysis revealed that implant porosity and interconnectivity decreased with increasing phantom stiffness and better mimicked the microstructure seen in vivo. Burst release of drug increased from 31% to 43% when in standard acrylamide phantoms vs macroporous phantoms (10 kPa), improving the correlation to the burst release seen in vivo. Implants in 30 kPa macroporous phantoms had the best correlation with in vivo burst release, significantly improving (p < 0.05) the burst release relative to in vivo from 64%, using a standard PBS dissolution method, to 92%. These findings confirm that implant behavior is affected by injection site stiffness. Importantly, with appropriate optimization and validation, hydrogel phantoms such as the one investigated here could be used to improve the in vitro-in vivo correlation of in situ forming implant formulations and potentially augment their advancement to clinical use.

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“…Typically, cryogels possess supermacropores that lie normally in the range of several micrometers to several hundred micrometers in pore size, and are linked to form interconnected porous structure that is in favor of mass transfer. Most of literature focused on synthesis and application of hydrophilic cryogels such as polyacrylamide‐ and polyvinyl alcohol‐based cryogels, where ice crystals were used as porogen templates . Only a few investigations involved hydrophobic cryogels .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Hydrophobic Polymeric Cryogels with Supermacroporous Structure

Chen

Sui

Ren

et al. 2016

Macro Materials & Eng

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A versatile approach to synthesis of hydrophobic polymeric cryogels is proposed using acetic acid crystals instead of ice crystals as porogen through cryo‐polymerization. In the range of 60 to 90 vol% of acetic acid, polymerization at ambient temperature gives rise to particulate polymers in beaded or amorphous shape, while polymerization at 4 °C, lower than the melting point of acetic acid (16.6 °C), leads to the formation of cryogel‐like monoliths with supermacroporous structure, which is mainly ascribed to cryo‐concentration effect. According to the measurements by scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry, the dried samples are supermacroporous with pore size mainly ranging from several micrometers to several hundred micrometers, which can be feasible for rapid mass transfer. The forming cryogels display a superfast responsiveness to organic solvents, possibly stemming from their supermacroporosity and distinctive hydrophobicity.

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Cryogel Poly(acrylamide): Synthesis, Structure and Applications

Cited by 58 publications

References 57 publications

Alternatives for characterizing macroporous polyacrylamide monolithic ion exchanger columns

Alternatives for characterizing macroporous polyacrylamide monolithic ion exchanger columns

Macroporous acrylamide phantoms improve prediction of in vivo performance of in situ forming implants

Synthesis of Hydrophobic Polymeric Cryogels with Supermacroporous Structure

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