Cryocoolers: the state of the art and recent developments

Radebaugh, Ray

doi:10.1088/0953-8984/21/16/164219

Cited by 280 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Vibration associated with these mechanical refrigeration cycles grows with the size of the refrigerator as does the weight of equipment which must be mounted on the camera cryostat (a 600 watt GiffordMcMahon unit weighs over 200 kg). The thermodynamics of Cryocoolers is reviewed in [3] and the current state of their art can be found in [4]. A recent example of small Stirling refrigerators applied to astronomical cameras is found in [5].…”

Section: Cryocoolers: Gifford-mcmahon Pulse Tube and Stirling Refrimentioning

confidence: 99%

The LSST camera 500-watt -130°C mixed refrigerant cooling system

Bowden

Little³

et al. 2014

Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation

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The LSST Camera has a higher cryogenic heat load than previous CCD telescope cameras due to its large size (634 mm diameter focal plane, 3.2 Giga pixels) and its close coupled front-end electronics operating at low temperature inside the cryostat. Various refrigeration technologies are considered for this telescope/camera environment. MMR-Technology's Mixed Refrigerant technology was chosen. A collaboration with that company was started in 2009. The system, based on a cluster of Joule-Thomson refrigerators running a special blend of mixed refrigerants is described. Both the advantages and problems of applying this technology to telescope camera refrigeration are discussed. Test results from a prototype refrigerator running in a realistic telescope configuration are reported. Current and future stages of the development program are described.

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Section: Cryocoolers: Gifford-mcmahon Pulse Tube and Stirling Refrimentioning

confidence: 99%

The LSST camera 500-watt -130°C mixed refrigerant cooling system

Bowden

Little³

et al. 2014

Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation

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“…Their use in cryopumps for semiconductor fabrication equipment in the 1980s led to many improvements in their reliability and in the reduction of their costs [2]. In 1990, the use of rare earth material regenerators made increased heat capacities in the range of 4-20 K to enable the GM cryocooler to achieve temperatures of 4 K [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An air-cooled pulse tube cryocooler with 50 W cooling capacity at 77 K

Hu¹,

Wang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2014

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract.A pulse tube cryocooler with 50 W cooling capacity at 77 K is developed to cool superconducting devices mounted on automobiles. The envisioned cryocooler weight is less than 40 kg, and the input electric power is less than 1 kW. To achieve these requirements, the working frequency is increased to 75 Hz, and the dual-opposed pistons use gas bearings to reduce compressor weight and volume. The heat from the main heat exchanger is rejected by forced convective air instead of water. The compressor and the cold finger are carefully matched to improve the efficiency. The details of these will be presented in this paper. After some adjustment, a no load temperature for the pulse tube cryocooler of 40 K was achieved with 1 kW input electric power in surroundings at 298 K. At 77 K, the cooling capacity is 50 W. If the main heat exchanger is cooled by water at 293 K, the cooling capacity increases to 64 W, corresponding to a relative Carnot efficiency of 18%.

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“…The lack of moving parts in the cold end gives the advantage of less vibration, higher reliability, and lower cost to the PTC [1]. Furthermore, for the merit of light weight, small size and high efficiency, the Stirling type PTC has been one of the most promising candidates for many practical cooling applications from high Tc superconducting devices to infrared equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel Stirling type pulse tube cryocooler suppressing the third type of dc gas flow

Gu¹,

Jin²,

Zhou³

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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This paper analyzes the zero and first order pressure drop along the pulse tube system and presents a simple but elegant way of eliminating the third type of DC gas flow which increases the efficiency of a Stirling type PTC. Since the optimization of a PTC depends sensitively on the adjustment of the phase angle between the pressure and mass flow because of its influence on the suppression of the third type of DC gas flow, we have done a series of experiments on a Stirling type multi-bypass PTC in order to attain the lowest refrigeration temperature. After the multi-bypass PTC reaches its lowest temperature, we open the metering valve to the best degree which connects the back pressure chamber of the linear compressor to the reservoir. For this novel type of PTC, the lowest refrigeration temperature drops from 38.8 K to 25.9 K after opening the metering valve. This approach offers a promising way for a compact single stage Stirling type PTC to reach liquid hydrogen temperatures.

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Cryocoolers: the state of the art and recent developments

Cited by 280 publications

References 39 publications

The LSST camera 500-watt -130°C mixed refrigerant cooling system

The LSST camera 500-watt -130°C mixed refrigerant cooling system

An air-cooled pulse tube cryocooler with 50 W cooling capacity at 77 K

A novel Stirling type pulse tube cryocooler suppressing the third type of dc gas flow

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