Cryobacterium arcticum sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium from an Arctic soil

Abstract

A psychrotolerant, Gram-stain-positive, yellow-pigmented, aerobic rod, designated SK1 T , was isolated from a soil sample collected from Store Koldewey, north-east Greenland. Cells were catalase-and methyl red-positive, produced H 2 S and produced acid from glucose, mannitol and salicin. Strain SK1 T was able to grow between "6 and 28 6C, with an optimum at 20 6C. The isolate contained 2,4-diaminobutyrate, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid in the cell wall and the major menaquinones were MK-10 and MK-11. Identified polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C 15 : 0 (53.5 %), anteiso-C 17 : 0 (17.0 %) and C 18 : 0 (12.1 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.8 mol%. Strain SK1 T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Cryobacterium psychrotolerans 0549 T (97.6 %) and Cryobacterium roopkundense RuGl7 T (96.8 %). Considering morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters and phylogenetic analysis, strain SK1 T represents a novel species in the genus Cryobacterium, for which the name Cryobacterium arcticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SK1 T (5DSM 22823 T 5NCCB 100316 T ).The genus Cryobacterium was first described by Suzuki et al. (1997) to accommodate psychrophilic Gram-positive irregular rods. The type species, Cryobacterium psychrophilum, had been isolated from an Antarctic soil sample by Inoue & Komagata (1976) and was originally named 'Curtobacterium psychrophilum'. Currently, the genus comprises only three other known species: Cryobacterium psychrotolerans, isolated from the China No. 1 glacier by Zhang et al. Within the scope of ecological studies of microbial communities in extreme polar environments, several cold-adapted aerobic bacteria were isolated from mineral soils on Store Koldewey, north-east Greenland. Strain SK1 T was isolated from a soil sample from the bottom of a slope on the shore of Duck Lake, Store Koldewey (76 u 259 N 18 u 449 W). Nutrient agar (0.5 % peptone, 0.3 % meat extract, 0.1 % yeast extract, 0.5 % glucose, 1.5 % agar, all w/v, in deionized water; pH 7.2) was used for isolation. The isolate was maintained at 16 uC on half-diluted LB medium (0.5 % tryptone, 0.25 % yeast extract, 0.5 % NaCl, 1.5 % agar for solid medium, all w/v, in deionized water; pH 7.2). The same conditions and media were used for all experiments, unless otherwise noted.Colony characteristics were determined visually after incubation for 7 and 14 days. Cell morphology was examined by light microscopy (Axioskop 2 Plus; Zeiss) after incubation for 2 days. Gram staining was carried out by the classical procedure as described by Gram (Schröder, 1991). The presence of flagella was determined in the way of Leifson (Schröder, 1991). Spores were detected according to Wirtz (Schröder, 1991). Conditions for growth were determined between 26 and 32 u C, with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 4-10. The medium was buffered with glycine (pH 4.0-5.0 and pH 10.0), MES (pH 5.0-6.5), HEPES (pH 7.0-8.0) or Bis Tris propane (p...

Cold Stress Tolerance in Psychrotolerant Soil Bacteria and Their Conferred Chilling Resistance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) under Low Temperatures

“…Minimal media supplemented with amino acids encouraged growth of Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae Lz4W, and amendment of defined media with yeast extract, peptone or casamino acids significantly improved the growth rate of facultative psychrophilic bacteria Cobetia marina L-2 when the temperature was lowered from 11 to 5°C [11,36]. Therefore, in the present study a minimal media supplemented with filter sterilized peptone as a source of amino acids was used to isolate psychrotolerant bacteria [19]. …”

“…A modified minimal (MM) media consisting of 0.05% K 2 HPO 4 (w/v), 0.02% MgSO 4 .7H 2 O (w/v) and 0.1% glucose (w/v) and 0.2%, (v/v), trace metal solution; pH 7.0 [19] was used for isolation of psychrotolerant bacteria. After autoclaving, filter sterilized 10% (w/v) peptone was added at 5 mL per liter when the media cooled down to room temperature (~ 20 ˚C).…”

Survivability of Soil and Permafrost Microbial Communities after Irradiation with Accelerated Electrons under Simulated Martian and Open Space Conditions

“…An interesting fact is also the finding of Cryobacterium in the desert soil (strain KBP.AS.341). Bacteria of this genus were previously isolated from cold habitats [61][62][63]; there is no information on Cryobacterium culturing from hot habitats in the scientific literature. Table 3.…”

Complete Genome Sequence of Cryobacterium arcticum Strain PAMC 27867, Isolated from a Sedimentary Rock Sample in Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

“…Cryobacterium arcticum , a psychrotolerant, Gram-positive, yellow-pigmented, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, was first isolated from Arctic soil (1). C. arcticum strain PAMC 27867 was isolated from a sedimentary rock sample (sandstone with exfoliated surface) collected at Eureka Spurs in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica (72°41′50″ S, 165°59′40″ E).…”