Cryo-electron microscopy reveals macromolecular organization within biological liquid cyrstals seen in the polarizing microscope

Molecular models and structural comparisons of native and mutant class I filamentous bacteriophages

“…But the comparison of fd and Ill crystalline reflections on the layer lines at about I/Z = 32 A (Marvin et al, 1974a) suggests that the difficulty in indexing the crystalline reflections on the fd patterns may have been a consequence of layer line fanning: that is, fanning is a property of fd, not of the magnetic field. This interpretation is supported by consideration of the liquid crystal properties of fd (Booy & Fowler, 1985). Bhattacharjee et ai.…”

Structure of intracellular mature vaccinia virus observed by cryoelectron microscopy

“…In this technique, the specimens are neither chemically fixed nor strained and they are observed in their fully hydrated environment. The size of virions is precisely conserved, and the structure is well preserved (1,2,14,17). In the present work, we have observed vaccinia virus IMV particles and isolated cores by cryoelectron microscopy of vitrified samples and we have found that the structure of the virion differs markedly from that which is generally accepted to be the true structure.…”

Phase transitions in lyotropic colloidal and polymer liquid crystals

“…tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (Bawden et al 1936, Bawden and Pirie 1937, Bernai and Fankuchen 1941, Oster 1950, Kreibig and Wetter 1980, Fraden et al 1985, fd-virus (Lapointe and Marvin 1973, Maret and Dransfeld 1985, Booy and Fowler 1985; (iv) rodlike micelles of amphiphiles (Lawson and Flaut 1967, Radley and Reeves 1975, Yu and Saupe 1980, Hendrikx and Charvolin 1981, Boden et al 1986;…”