“…used brushless DC motors, 17,19,23,24,28,31,41,58 6% used both brush and brushless DC motors, 21,29 and 28% do not specify the type of DC motor that is used. Rotational motion is provided by 82% 11,[17][18][19][21][22][23][24]28,29,31,33,34,40,43,47,[49][50][51][52][53][58][59][60]62,63,65,69 of these DC motors and the remaining 18% provide linear motion. 36,46,54,55,66,70 The rotational DC motors all require a gearhead to increase the torque output, which is transmitted to the required joint through either cables, Bowden cables, gears, or linkages.…”