Crustal structure of the Carpathian Orogen in Romania from receiver functions and ambient noise tomography: how craton collision, subduction and detachment affect the crust

Petrescu, Laura; Stuart, G. W.; Tǎtaru, Dragoș; Grecu, Bogdan

doi:10.1093/gji/ggz140

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…5c). The relative dominance of M≥ 6 earthquakes in this depth range has been related to the reverse faulting mechanism in this depth range (Radulian et al 2007;Petrescu et al 2019). The possible https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2021-230 Preprint.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…CC BY 4.0 License. explanation of the pattern of earthquakes has been divided in the following two categories; (1) it might be associated with descending relic ocean lithospheric beneath the bending zone of the SE Carpathians , or (2) it might be associated to continental lithosphere that has been delaminated, after the collision (Bokelmann and Rodler, 2014;Petrescu et al 2019). These frequent earthquakes in the region have caused many landslides and any major future earthquake might have ground effects in a much larger area (150000 km 2 ), possibly causing more landslides (Havenith et al 2016).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating landslide response in seismic and rainfall regime: A case study from the SE Carpathians, Romania

Kumar

Cauchie

Mreyen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. There have been many studies exploring the rainfall induced slope failures in the earthquake affected terrain. However, studies evaluating the potential effects of both landslide triggering factors; rainfall and earthquake have been infrequent despite the rising global landslide mortality risk. The SE Carpathians, which have been subjected to many large historical earthquakes and changing climate and thus resulting in frequent landslides, is one such region that is least explored in this context. Therefore, a massive (~9.1 Mm2) landslide, situated along the Basca Rozilei River, in the Vrancea Seismic Zone, SE Carpathians is chosen as a case study area to achieve the aforesaid objective. The present state of slope reveals the Factor of Safety in a range of 1.17–1.32 with a static condition displacement of 0.4–4 m that reaches up to 8–60 m under dynamic (earthquake) condition. The Groundwater (GW) effect further decreases the Factor of Safety and increases the displacement. Ground motion amplification enhances the possibility of slope surface deformation and displacements. The debris flow prediction, implying the excessive rainfall effect, reveals a flow having 9.0–26.0 m height and 2.1–3.0 m/sec velocity along the river channel. The predicted extent of potential debris flow is found to follow the trails possibly created by previous debris flow and/or slide events.

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating landslide response in seismic and rainfall regime: A case study from the SE Carpathians, Romania

Kumar

Cauchie

Mreyen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Since the studies by Burov & Cloetingh (2009, 2010), no new attempts have been made to investigate plume‐lithosphere interaction as the driving mechanism for subduction‐like downward movements of the continental lithosphere. This is still the case despite a growing body of robust geophysical data, including observations from seismic tomography and magneto‐telluric sounding in areas such as the Caucasus (Ismail‐Zadeh et al., 2020; Koulakov et al., 2012; Zabelina et al., 2016); Central Asia (He & Santosh, 2018); North‐East China (Kuritani et al., 2019; Li et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2018; Zhang, 2012); Iberia and its margins (Civiero et al., 2019); the Carpathians (e.g., Wortel & Spakman, 2000; Koulakov et al., 2010; Ismail‐Zadeh et al., 2012; Ádám et al., 2017; Petrescu et al., 2019), and the Colorado Plateau (Levander et al., 2011) where upwelling of hot mantle material flanked by downgoing slabs of sinking mantle lithosphere has been recently documented. This makes plume‐induced intra‐continental mantle sinking/foundering a viable and testable mechanism, deserving detailed investigation by means of both modeling and critical analysis of pertinent observations.…”

Section: Subduction Initiation: a Survey Of Mechanisms And Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plume‐Induced Sinking of Intracontinental Lithospheric Mantle: An Overlooked Mechanism of Subduction Initiation?

Cloetingh

Koptev

Kovàcs

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Although many different mechanisms for subduction initiation have been proposed, only few of them are viable in terms of consistency with observations and reproducibility in numerical experiments. In particular, it has recently been demonstrated that intra‐oceanic subduction triggered by an upwelling mantle plume could greatly contribute to the onset and operation of plate tectonics in the early and, to a lesser degree, modern Earth. On the contrary, the initiation of intra‐continental subduction still remains underappreciated. Here we provide an overview of 1) observational evidence for upwelling of hot mantle material flanked by downgoing proto‐slabs of sinking continental mantle lithosphere, and 2) previously published and new numerical models of plume‐induced subduction initiation. Numerical modeling shows that under the condition of a sufficiently thick (>100 km) continental plate, incipient downthrusting at the level of the lowermost lithospheric mantle can be triggered by plume anomalies of moderate temperatures and without significant strain‐ and/or melt‐related weakening of overlying rocks. This finding is in contrast with the requirements for plume‐induced subduction initiation within oceanic or thinner continental lithosphere. As a result, plume‐lithosphere interactions within continental interiors of Paleozoic‐Proterozoic‐(Archean) platforms are the least demanding (and thus potentially very common) mechanism for initiation of subduction‐like foundering in the Phanerozoic Earth. Our findings are supported by a growing body of new geophysical data collected in various intra‐continental areas. A better understanding of the role of intra‐continental mantle downthrusting and foundering in global plate tectonics and, particularly, in the initiation of “classic” ocean‐continent subduction will benefit from more detailed follow‐up investigations.

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“…Post-Miocene indicators of deformation suggest that the Pannonian Basin has shortened in the past 5 Ma, most likely due to the continuous push of Adria, although recent structural measurements and present-day geodetic measurements indicate small surface strain rates (Bada et al, 2007). Beneath the Carpathian bend zone, high rates of seismicity are associated with an anomalous lithospheric block (Ren et al, 2012) that is stretching as it sinks into the mantle (Lorinczi and Houseman, 2009) and may be actively detaching from the overlying cratonic lithosphere (Gîrbacea and Frisch, 1998;Knapp et al, 2005;Petrescu et al, 2019). The Pannonian-Carpathian system is thus an excellent craton-orogen tectonic system, where we can address long-standing issues of mantle deformation in response to changing surface kinematics, to assess the complex flow field across tectonic units of variable ages and around a localised zone of intermediate-depth seismicity at the craton margin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper mantle deformation signatures of craton–orogen interaction in the Carpathian–Pannonian region from SKS anisotropy analysis

Petrescu

Stuart

Houseman

et al. 2020

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY Since the Mesozoic, central and eastern European tectonics have been dominated by the closure of the Tethyan Ocean as the African and European plates collided. In the Miocene, the edge of the East European Craton and Moesian Platform were reworked in collision during the Carpathian orogeny and lithospheric extension formed the Pannonian Basin. To investigate the mantle deformation signatures associated with this complex collisional-extensional system, we carry out SKS splitting analysis at 123 broad-band seismic stations in the region. We compare our measurements with estimates of lithospheric thickness and recent seismic tomography models to test for correlation with mantle heterogeneities. Reviewing splitting delay times in light of xenolith measurements of anisotropy yields estimates of anisotropic layer thickness. Fast polarization directions are mostly NW–SE oriented across the seismically slow West Carpathians and Pannonian Basin and are independent of geological boundaries, absolute plate motion direction or an expected palaeo-slab roll-back path. Instead, they are systematically orthogonal to maximum stress directions, implying that the indenting Adria Plate, the leading deformational force in Central Europe, reset the upper-mantle mineral fabric in the past 5 Ma beneath the Pannonian Basin, overprinting the anisotropic signature of earlier tectonic events. Towards the east, fast polarization directions are perpendicular to steep gradients of lithospheric thickness and align along the edges of fast seismic anomalies beneath the Precambrian-aged Moesian Platform in the South Carpathians and the East European Craton, supporting the idea that craton roots exert a strong influence on the surrounding mantle flow. Within the Moesian Platform, SKS measurements become more variable with Fresnel zone arguments indicating a shallow fossil lithospheric source of anisotropy likely caused by older tectonic deformation frozen in the Precambrian. In the Southeast Carpathian corner, in the Vrancea Seismic Zone, a lithospheric fragment that sinks into the mantle is sandwiched between two slow anomalies, but smaller SKS delay times reveal weaker anisotropy occurs mainly to the NW side, consistent with asymmetric upwelling adjacent to a slab, slower mantle velocities and recent volcanism.

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Crustal structure of the Carpathian Orogen in Romania from receiver functions and ambient noise tomography: how craton collision, subduction and detachment affect the crust

Cited by 13 publications

References 76 publications

Evaluating landslide response in seismic and rainfall regime: A case study from the SE Carpathians, Romania

Evaluating landslide response in seismic and rainfall regime: A case study from the SE Carpathians, Romania

Plume‐Induced Sinking of Intracontinental Lithospheric Mantle: An Overlooked Mechanism of Subduction Initiation?

Upper mantle deformation signatures of craton–orogen interaction in the Carpathian–Pannonian region from SKS anisotropy analysis

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