Crustal‐Scale Fault Interaction at Rifted Margins and the Formation of Domain‐Bounding Breakaway Complexes: Insights From Offshore Norway

Osmundsen, Per Terje; Péron‐Pinvidic, Gwenn

doi:10.1002/2017tc004792

Cited by 71 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…Similar reflector patterns have been interpreted elsewhere on the Norwegian continental shelf as either Caledonian thrusts or Devonian extensional detachments (e.g. Osmundsen & Péron‐Pinvidic, ), which is in agreement with previous work near the study area (Braathen et al, ; Gernigon & Brönner, ; Gudlaugsson et al, ; Ritzmann & Faleide, ). We envisage that the steep fault nucleated in the overburden of a previously established, gently dipping fault, before eventually linking with this fault, giving an overall ‘listric’ fault shape.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Extensional fault and fold growth: Impact on accommodation evolution and sedimentary infill

Serck

Braathen

2019

Basin Research

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Extensional faults and folds exert a fundamental control on the location, thickness and partitioning of sedimentary deposits on rift basins. The connection between the mode of extensional fault reactivation, resulting fault shape and extensional fold growth is well‐established. The impact of folding on accommodation evolution and growth package architecture, however, has received little attention; particularly the role‐played by fault‐perpendicular (transverse) folding. We study a multiphase rift basin with km‐scale fault displacements using a large high‐quality 3D seismic data set from the Fingerdjupet Subbasin in the southwestern Barents Sea. We link growth package architecture to timing and mode of fault reactivation. Dip linkage of deep and shallow fault segments resulted in ramp‐flat‐ramp fault geometry, above which fault‐parallel fault‐bend folds developed. The folds limited the accommodation near their causal faults, leading to deposition within a fault‐bend synclinal growth basin further into the hangingwall. Continued fold growth led to truncation of strata near the crest of the fault‐bend anticline before shortcut faulting bypassed the ramp‐flat‐ramp structure and ended folding. Accommodation along the fault‐parallel axis is controlled by the transverse folds, the location and size of which depends on the degree of linkage in the fault network and the accumulated displacement on causal faults. We construct transverse fold trajectories by tracing transverse fold hinges through space and time to highlight the positions of maximum and minimum accommodation and potential sediment entry points to hangingwall growth basins. The length and shape of the constructed trajectories relate to the displacement on their parent faults, duration of fault activity, timing of transverse basin infill, fault linkage and strain localization. We emphasize that the considerable wavelength, amplitudes and potential periclinal geometry of extensional folds make them viable targets for CO2 storage or hydrocarbon exploration in rift basins.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Extensional fault and fold growth: Impact on accommodation evolution and sedimentary infill

Serck

Braathen

2019

Basin Research

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“…We incorporated these basic principles of MCC formation with existing models of postorogenic collapse of the Scandinavian Caledonides. Thereby we try to explain our field observations in accordance with the available information from other culminations of the WGR, the NSDZ, and recent work in the Devonian basins (Osmundsen & Péron‐Pinvidic, ; Osmundsen et al, ). Our model is presented in Figure as a series of N‐S and E‐W cross sections to illustrate the 3‐D kinematics.…”

Section: Discussion: Crustal Flow Within the Gulen MCCsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Initial necking occurred at rheological transitions and involved extension‐perpendicular folding within the amphibolite layer. It should be noted that both the depocenter of the initial basin and the future MCC formed in the center of the fault, because this is the zone of maximum stretching (e.g., Kapp et al, ; Osmundsen & Péron‐Pinvidic, ; Osmundsen et al, ).…”

Section: Discussion: Crustal Flow Within the Gulen MCCmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Crustal Flow Within Postorogenic Metamorphic Core Complexes: Insights From the Southern Western Gneiss Region of Norway

et al. 2019

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Viscous crustal flow can exhume once deeply buried rocks in postorogenic metamorphic core complexes (MCCs). While migmatite domes record the flow dynamics of anatectic crust, the mechanics and kinematics of solid-state flow in the deep crust are poorly constrained. To address this issue, we studied a deeply eroded and particularly well-exposed MCC in the southern Western Gneiss Region of Norway. The Gulen MCC formed during Devonian transtensional collapse of the Caledonian orogeny in the footwall of the Nordfjord-Sogn detachment zone. We developed a semiquantitative mapping scheme for ductile strain to constrain micro-to megascale processes, which brought eclogite-bearing crust from the orogenic root into direct contact with Devonian supradetachment basins. The Gulen MCC comprises different structural levels with distinct metamorphic evolutions. In the high-grade core, amphibolite-facies structures record fluid-controlled eclogite retrogression and coaxial flow involving vast extension-perpendicular shortening. Detachment mylonites formed during ductile-to-brittle noncoaxial deformation and wrap around the core. We present a sequential 3-D reconstruction of MCC formation. In the detachment zone, the combined effects of simple shearing, incision/excision, and erosion thinned the upper crust. Internal necking of the ductile crust was compensated by extension-perpendicular shortening within the deep crust and resulted in differential folding of distinct crustal levels. We identify this differential folding as the main mechanism that can redistribute material within solid-state MCCs. Our interpretation suggests a continuum of processes from migmatite-cored to solid-state MCCs and has implications for postorogenic exhumation of (ultra-)high-pressure rocks.Plain Language Summary The Earth's crust has different layers with contrasting mechanics.Rocks in the upper crust tend to break, while higher temperatures at depth make rocks flow, although very slowly. This contrast is important when continents collide forming mountain belts but also when plates drift apart and mountain ranges collapse. In SW Norway, hundreds of million years of erosion have exposed rocks that once were deep below a large mountain range (the Caledonides). Today, glacier-polished fjords reveal large dome structures that formed when the Caledonides collapsed. Inside such a dome, we find rocks originating from different levels of the crust. Rocks and structures in the core formed at high pressures and temperatures. Wrapped around, we find rocks that deformed while they cooled down, became more resistant to flow, and finally broke apart. Above the dome, we find remnants of the upper crust, which was broken up by faults, eroded, and deposited in sedimentary basins. We reconstruct how mechanical contrasts between crustal layers brought rocks from the root of the mountain belt in contact with sediments deposited at the surface. Understanding this process is important, because it can entirely transform the crust within a-geologically speaking-short period o...

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“…Gawthorpe and Leeder, 2000;Henstra et al, 2017;Gawthorpe et al, 2018) and supradetachment basin development (e.g. Oner and Dilek, 2011;Osmundsen and Péron-Pinvidic, 2018). The project advance current concepts and provide novel ideas that are applicable to extensional basins under a variety of conditions.…”

Section: Discussion Applications and Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 95%

Jurassic to Early Cretaceous basin configuration(s) in the Fingerdjupet Subbasin, SW Barents Sea

Serck

Faleide

Braathen

et al. 2017

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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This PhD thesis addresses how fault and fold growth affect accommodation development and sediment routing and fill in extensional basins. Extensional basins are key constituents of passive continental passive and intra-continental rift systems and hold great potential accumulation of reservoir-grade successions of sediments. These types of basins differ widely in terms of e.g. fault and fold properties, duration of faulting, accommodation development, tectono-climatic setting and lithology of basin substrate and fill. Accordingly, constructing general models for extensional basin evolution is challenging. Combining different types of datasets that offer different observation scale and resolution can mitigate this. This thesis presents seismic case studies from the Fingerdjupet Subbasin, southwestern Barents Sea and outcrop studies from the Bandar Jissah Basin, northeastern Oman. Seismic analyses include interpretations of faults and horizons bounding seismic reflector packages; age control was achieved

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Crustal‐Scale Fault Interaction at Rifted Margins and the Formation of Domain‐Bounding Breakaway Complexes: Insights From Offshore Norway

Cited by 71 publications

References 103 publications

Extensional fault and fold growth: Impact on accommodation evolution and sedimentary infill

Extensional fault and fold growth: Impact on accommodation evolution and sedimentary infill

Deep Crustal Flow Within Postorogenic Metamorphic Core Complexes: Insights From the Southern Western Gneiss Region of Norway

Jurassic to Early Cretaceous basin configuration(s) in the Fingerdjupet Subbasin, SW Barents Sea

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