Crustal deformation revealed by GPS in Kumaun Himalaya, India

Dumka, Rakesh K.; Kotlia, Bahadur Singh; Kumar, K. Vinod; Satyal, G. S.; Joshi, L. M.

doi:10.1007/s11629-012-2552-x

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The test model proposed by Žibret and Žibret (, ) clearly shows that each unit of GLA corresponds to approximately 0.1 mm/year of vertical displacement. The observed values of GLA are well corroborated with the observed aerial strain is in the range of 0–1 × 10 −07 strain/year in the Sub Himalaya, and it increases to 1–4 × 10 −07 strain/year in the Lesser Himalaya (Dumka, Kotlia, Kothyari, Paikrey, & Dimri, ; Dumka, Kotlia, Kumar, Satyal, & Joshi, ). The northern portion of the Lesser Himalaya, north of NAT, accommodates more aerial strain as compared to the southern part, south of NAT (Joshi et al, ).…”

Section: Morphometric Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

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Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

2019

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We have analysed the geomorphic signatures in aggregation with the geomorphic indices with respect to hinterland and foreland neotectonic variability across the major Himalayan thrust system along the Kali River valley of eastern Kumaun Himalaya. The valley floor morphology in the vicinity of the major thrust gave rise to the accommodation space for the aggradation of the recent fluvial sediments. For a longitudinal distance of 212 km between the South Tibet Detachment (STD)and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), the valley has preserved significant aggradational landforms. These landforms have been physically examined to explain the spatial and temporal variability in phases of aggradation/incision in response to the tectonic activity during the late Quaternary. Fossil valleys and associated epigenetic gorges, cut-and-fill terraces with thick alluvial cover, debris-flow terraces, bedrock strath terraces, and alluvial fan terraces are the significant aggradational landforms observed within the valley. They provide signatures of tectonic activity and past climatic records. We have analysed various geomorphic indices, namely, stream-gradient index (SL), steepness index (Ks), hypsometric curve and index (HI), and asymmetric factor (AF) to map the spatial variability in tectonic processes across the major thrusts. The channel morphology (depth and width) of a river becomes adjusted in geological time because of long-term tectonic and erosional processes. However, the channel geometry and deviations can be highly adjustable in a tectonically disturbed mountainous region. The deviations along the river course can be attributed to active tectonic movement along thrusts/faults or because of erosion/sedimentation processes. We applied a novel method called the river Gradient Length Anomaly (GLA) for 37 subbasins of the Kali River to deduce active deformation (uplift/subsidence) corresponding to the increased sedimentation and erosional rates, both from the upstream and downstream parts of the thrusted blocks, from where river flows through. The results of basin-wise morphometric indices were corroborated with GLA anomaly and field observations, which suggests that the area has undergone active deformation between the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), which is attributed to the regional compression. The results of geomorphic and morphometric data are validated with the focal mechanisms of moderate earthquakes. The geomorphic analysis suggests that the hinterland part of eastern Kumaun is more active than the foreland region.

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Section: Morphometric Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

“…(a) Seismotectonic map along with major earthquakes (focal mechanism solutions after Mahesh et al, ). (b) Local velocity vector of the faults in the study area (modified after Dumka, Kotlia, Kumar, et al, ) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Combined Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

2019

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“…This indicates that the region is building stress and released in the form of micro-earthquakes. The GPS derived measurements also indicate that maximum strain accumulation is observed in between MBT and MCT, (Dumka et. al., 2014).…”

Section: Results and Discussion:-mentioning

confidence: 91%

Source Parameter and B-Value Estimation of Local Earthquakes in Kumaun Region, Central Himalaya, India.

Pathak¹,

Pant²,

Joshi.³

2016

IJAR

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“…The Goriganga crosses through the THF zone near Laspa locality, ~20 km downstream of the Milam glacier snout. In the Higher Central Himalaya, this sheared zone has been considered as tectonically active (Dumka, Kotlia, Kumar, Satyal, & Joshi, ; Kotlia & Joshi, ) owing to the presence of V‐shaped, deeply incised valleys, occurrence of triangular fault facets, formation of deep gorges as well as entrenched meanders, uplifted/tilted lacustrine horizons, and development of paired and unpaired river terraces, knick points, and cascading of channel due to the increase of gradient in the area (Dumka, Kotlia, Kumar, & Satyal, ; Figure S2). The uplifted palaeolake deposits are one of the remarkable geomorphic expressions observed at village Burfu in upper reaches of the Goriganga (Kotlia & Joshi, ).…”

Section: Analysis Of Geomorphic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidences of neotectonic activity along Goriganga River, Higher Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

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This paper focuses on the analysis of geomorphic landform development, particularly between the Trans Himadri Fault and the Main Central Thrust including Berinag Thrust and other major NNE–SSW and NW–SE striking faults/thrusts in the Higher Central Kumaun Himalaya. Digital analysis of remote sensing data, field investigations including drainage analysis, and development of landforms have been carried out to understand the morphotectonic evolution and, thereby, the neotectonics in this region. A number of morphometric indices [(stream length‐gradient index (SL), steepness index (ks), Chi (χ)] were computed together with knick point analysis. Offsetting of the major river and tributaries was observed along a NNW–SSE direction. Other tectonic landforms, including truncated saddles and disturbed terrace patterns, show that the area is presently undergoing active deformation. The valley floor morphology in the vicinity of the major thrusts provides evidence for aggradation of recent fluvial activity. Developments of various neotectonic features, such as starth terraces, off‐streams, truncated saddles, disrupted terraces, and palaeolake deposits, are evidences for recent tectonic activities associated with the major thrusts/faults. Cut‐and‐fill terraces with thick alluvial cover, debris‐flow terraces, and alluvial fan terraces are significant aggradational landforms observed within the valley that provide signatures of past climatic records. Our study reveals that the fluvially modified debris‐flow terraces were formed between 5 and 20 ka. We infer that the major phase of valley‐fill happened between 5 and 12 ka, whereas the youngest phase of aggradation may have responded to the Holocene tectonic activity that took place around 5–6 ka. The study is significant to understand the recent geomorphic development and tectonic deformation in the study area and may be helpful for future infrastructural development in the region.

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Crustal deformation revealed by GPS in Kumaun Himalaya, India

Cited by 44 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Source Parameter and B-Value Estimation of Local Earthquakes in Kumaun Region, Central Himalaya, India.

Evidences of neotectonic activity along Goriganga River, Higher Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

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