Crustal block movements from holocene shorelines: Crete and antikythira (Greece)

Pirazzoli, Paolo A.; Thommeret, J.; Thommeret, Y.; Laborel, Jacques; Montaggioni, Lucien F.

doi:10.1016/0040-1951(82)90060-9

Cited by 148 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…On Crete, extensional faults cut the structural nappe units and opened basins that filled with Neogene marine sediments that are now exposed hundreds of meters above sea level, indicating long-lived uplift of the island (Meulenkamp et al, 1994;van Hinsbergen and Meulenkamp, 2006;Zachariasse et al, 2008). Pleistocene and Holocene paleo-shoreline markers found tens to hundreds of meters above modern sea level along the coastlines of Crete document continued uplift of the island throughout the Quaternary (Flemming, 1978;Angelier, 1979;Pirazzoli et al, 1982;Meulenkamp et al, 1994;Kelletat, 1996;Wegmann, 2008;Strasser et al, 2011;Strobl et al, 2014;Gallen et al, 2014;Tiberti et al, 2014;Mouslopoulou et al, 2015).…”

Section: Geologic and Tectonic Setting Of Cretementioning

confidence: 99%

River profile response to normal fault growth and linkage: an example from the Hellenic forearc of south-central Crete, Greece

Gallen

Wegmann

2017

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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Abstract. Topography is a reflection of the tectonic and geodynamic processes that act to uplift the Earth's surface and the erosional processes that work to return it to base level. Numerous studies have shown that topography is a sensitive recorder of tectonic signals. A quasi-physical understanding of the relationship between river incision and rock uplift has made the analysis of fluvial topography a popular technique for deciphering relative, and some argue absolute, histories of rock uplift. Here we present results from a study of the fluvial topography from south-central Crete, demonstrating that river longitudinal profiles indeed record the relative history of uplift, but several other processes make it difficult to recover quantitative uplift histories. Prior research demonstrates that the south-central coastline of Crete is bound by a large ( ∼ 100 km long) E-W striking composite normal fault system. Marine terraces reveal that it is uplifting between 0.1 and 1.0 mm yr −1 . These studies suggest that two normal fault systems, the offshore Ptolemy and onshore South-Central Crete faults, linked together in the recent geologic past (ca. 0.4-1 My BP). Fault mechanics predict that when adjacent faults link into a single fault the uplift rate in footwalls of the linkage zone will increase rapidly. We use this natural experiment to assess the response of river profiles to a temporal jump in uplift rate and to assess the applicability of the stream power incision model to this setting. Using river profile analysis we show that rivers in south-central Crete record the relative uplift history of fault growth and linkage as theory predicts that they should. Calibration of the commonly used stream power incision model shows that the slope exponent, n, is ∼ 0.5, contrary to most studies that find n ≥ 1. Analysis of fluvial knickpoints shows that migration distances are not proportional to upstream contributing drainage area, as predicted by the stream power incision model. Maps of the transformed stream distance variable, χ, indicate that drainage basin instability, drainage divide migration, and river capture events complicate river profile analysis in south-central Crete. Waterfalls are observed in southern Crete and appear to operate under less efficient and different incision mechanics than assumed by the stream power incision model. Drainage area exchange and waterfall formation are argued to obscure linkages between empirically derived metrics and quasi-physical descriptions of river incision, making it difficult to quantitatively interpret rock uplift histories from river profiles in this setting. Karst hydrology, break down of assumed drainage area discharge scaling, and chemical weathering might also contribute to the failure of the stream power incision model to adequately predict the behavior of the fluvial system in south-central Crete.

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Section: Geologic and Tectonic Setting Of Cretementioning

confidence: 99%

River profile response to normal fault growth and linkage: an example from the Hellenic forearc of south-central Crete, Greece

Gallen

Wegmann

2017

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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“…Regional compilations of RSL data have been produced for both the eastern [126][127][128] and western [129][130][131] Mediterranean coast. Due to its complex tectonic setting [132], RSL histories in the eastern Mediterranean were influenced by the Holocene activity of major faults [126,133,134]. In this region, RSL rise slowed significantly in the last 7.5 ka, with consequent initiation of deltaic progradations of the largest Mediterranean rivers [135] such as the Nile delta [136,137].…”

Section: Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene Relative Sea-Level Changes from Near-, Intermediate-, and Far-Field Locations

Khan

Ashe

Shaw

et al. 2015

Curr Clim Change Rep

118

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Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) records exhibit spatial and temporal variability that arises mainly from the interaction of eustatic (land ice volume and thermal expansion) and isostatic (glacio-and hydro-) factors. We fit RSL histories from near-, intermediate-, and far-field locations with noisy-input Gaussian process models to assess rates of RSL change. Records from near-field regions (e.g., Antarctica, Greenland, Canada, Sweden, and Scotland) reveal a complex pattern of RSL fall from a maximum marine limit due to the net effect of eustatic sea-level rise and glacio-isostatic uplift with rates of RSL fall as great as −69±9 m/ka. Intermediatefield regions (e.g., mid-Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the USA, Netherlands, Southern France, St. Croix) display variable rates of RSL rise from the cumulative effect of eustatic and isostatic factors. Fast rates of RSL rise (up to 10±1 m/ka) are found in the early Holocene in regions near the center of forebulge collapse. Far-field RSL records exhibit a midHolocene highstand, the timing (between 8 and 4 ka) and magnitude (between <1 and 6 m) of which varies among South America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania regions.

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“…at Profitis Ilias Arhangellou (Pirazzoli et al 1989, Kontogianni et al 2002). An additional result of this deformation could be the reverse fault north of Arhangelos where the carbonates of the Arhangelos Unit are overthrusted on Asouros formation sediments.…”

Section: B) Platy Limestones Of Upper Cretaceous In Age Of the Profimentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications for the Correlation of the Hellenic Nappes in Sw Aegean: The Geological Structure of the Archangelos Region, Rhodes Island

2018

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Crustal block movements from holocene shorelines: Crete and antikythira (Greece)

Cited by 148 publications

References 7 publications

River profile response to normal fault growth and linkage: an example from the Hellenic forearc of south-central Crete, Greece

River profile response to normal fault growth and linkage: an example from the Hellenic forearc of south-central Crete, Greece

Holocene Relative Sea-Level Changes from Near-, Intermediate-, and Far-Field Locations

Implications for the Correlation of the Hellenic Nappes in Sw Aegean: The Geological Structure of the Archangelos Region, Rhodes Island

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