Crushed sunflower, flax, or canola seeds in lactating dairy cow diets: Effects on methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk production

Beauchemin, K. A.; McGinn, S. M.; Benchaar, C.; Holtshausen, L.

doi:10.3168/jds.2008-1903

Cited by 233 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The effectiveness of linseed in reducing ruminal methanogenesis in this experiment with grazing animals is consistent with that reported in the literature on confined animals (Eugène et al, 2008;Beauchemin, et al, 2009;Martin et al, 2010), with the results reported in this work. According to Morgavi et al (2010), the mitigation of rumen methanogenesis can be achieved by reducing the H 2 supply to the methanogenics obtained from favoring the production of propionate and the methanogenic archaea and protozoa (H 2 producers) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This reduction was similar to the 33% observed by Chung et al (2011) and higher than the 27% observed by Martin et al (2008) and the 18% observed by Beauchemin et al (2009), using linseed as a lipid source and corn silage as forage. All diets with lipid sources contained, on average, 34 g of additional lipid per kilogram of DM and the reduction of CH 4 emissions in animals supplemented with linseed oil was of 4 g per kilogram of DM intake.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Performance and methane emissions of Nellore steers grazing tropical pasture supplemented with lipid sources

et al. 2016

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lipid sources on voluntary intake, digestibility, performance, and CH 4 emission of Nellore steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés forage in the dry season. Forty-five Nellore steers with average weight of 442±34 kg were alloted into one of the five treatments: without additional fat; with palm oil; with linseed oil; with protected fat; and with whole soybeans. The supplements were provided daily and quantities were adjusted to 1% of body weight and diets were formulated in accordance with the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and two replications. There were no effects on dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber intake with the inclusion of lipids in the diet. The neutral detergent fiber showed decreased digestibility in animals receiving linseed oil and palm oil treatments compared with animals receiving the diet without additional fat. The linseed oil treatment reduced CH 4 emissions by 38% when expressed in mg/d/kg BW and tended to reduce the emission in g/d/kg BW 0.75 . Lipid sources did not affect the weight gain of the animals. The intake and performance of grazing Nellore steers supplemented at 1% body weight with lipid sources were not modified. However, fiber digestibility was reduced with palm or linseed oil addition. Linseed oil reduced enteric CH 4 emissions. Linseed oil has the potential to reduce enteric CH 4 emissions in continuous tropical grazing systems based on B. brizantha grass.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Performance and methane emissions of Nellore steers grazing tropical pasture supplemented with lipid sources

et al. 2016

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“…On the contrary, sunflower seed (rich in linoleic acid) had a similar depressive effect as coconut oil on CH 4 production, and this effect was higher than rapeseed (rich in oleic acid), and especially than linseed (rich in linolenic acid), in vitro (Machmü ller et al, 1998) and in vivo (Machmü ller et al, 2000). Recently, Beauchemin et al (2009) reported that CH 4 production in dairy cows was more affected by linseed and rapeseed (217% on average) than by sunflower seeds (210%). Other FA present in fish oil or in some algae also have a In vivo trials clearly show that the effect of lipids on methanogenesis is proportional to their level of supply (Figure 2).…”

Section: Mitigation Through Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane mitigation in ruminants: from microbe to the farm scale

Martin

Morgavi

Doreau

2010

Animal

736

699

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Decreasing enteric methane (CH 4 ) emissions from ruminants without altering animal production is desirable both as a strategy to reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and as a means of improving feed conversion efficiency. The aim of this paper is to provide an update on a selection of proved and potential strategies to mitigate enteric CH 4 production by ruminants. Various biotechnologies are currently being explored with mixed results. Approaches to control methanogens through vaccination or the use of bacteriocins highlight the difficulty to modulate the rumen microbial ecosystem durably. The use of probiotics, i.e. acetogens and live yeasts, remains a potentially interesting approach, but results have been either unsatisfactory, not conclusive, or have yet to be confirmed in vivo. Elimination of the rumen protozoa to mitigate methanogenesis is promising, but this option should be carefully evaluated in terms of livestock performances. In addition, on-farm defaunation techniques are not available up to now. Several feed additives such as ionophores, organic acids and plant extracts have also been assayed. The potential use of plant extracts to reduce CH 4 is receiving a renewed interest as they are seen as a natural alternative to chemical additives and are well perceived by consumers. The response to tannin-and saponincontaining plant extracts is highly variable and more research is needed to assess the effectiveness and eventual presence of undesirable residues in animal products. Nutritional strategies to mitigate CH 4 emissions from ruminants are, without doubt, the most developed and ready to be applied in the field. Approaches presented in this paper involve interventions on the nature and amount of energy-based concentrates and forages, which constitute the main component of diets as well as the use of lipid supplements. The possible selection of animals based on low CH 4 production and more likely on their high efficiency of digestive processes is also addressed. Whatever the approach proposed, however, before practical solutions are applied in the field, the sustainability of CH 4 suppressing strategies is an important issue that has to be considered. The evaluation of different strategies, in terms of total GHG emissions for a given production system, is discussed.Keywords: methane, greenhouse gases, ruminant, mitigation strategies Implications Methane (CH 4 ) mitigation in ruminants is possible through various strategies. Today, the feeding management approach is the most developed. Other strategies (biotechnologies, additives) are promising but the diversity and plasticity of functions of the rumen bacterial and methanogenic communities may be a limiting factor for their successful application. A possible selection of animals on CH 4 production and more likely on digestive processes is evocated. In any case, before practical solutions are proposed for field application more research in vivo is needed. The sustainability of CH 4 -suppressing strategies is also an important issue and they mi...

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“…Numerous studies have demonstrated that the use of specific forage species, forage conservation methods and dietary lipid supplements can be used to alter milk fat composition in ruminants (Dewhurst et al, 2006;Chilliard et al, 2007;Glasser et al, 2008a). Furthermore, plant oils and oilseeds in the diet also decrease methanogenesis in ruminants (Machmü ller et al, 2003;Martin et al, 2008;Beauchemin et al, 2009). Due to the interrelationship between diet composition, rumen metabolism and mammary lipogenesis, on-farm feeding regimens for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions or altering milk fatty acid composition can also be expected to influence milk fat content ) depending on diet composition and ruminant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

Shingfield

Bernard

Leroux

et al. 2010

Animal

333

427

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Fat is an important constituent contributing to the organoleptic, processing and physical properties of ruminant milk. Understanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk energy secretion and improve the energy balance of lactating ruminants. Nutrition is the major environmental factor regulating the concentration and composition of fat in ruminant milk. Feeding low-fibre/high-starch diets and/or lipid supplements rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids induce milk fat depression (MFD) in the bovine, typically increase milk fat secretion in the caprine, whereas limited data in sheep suggest that the responses are more similar to the goat than the cow. Following the observation that reductions in milk fat synthesis during diet-induced MFD are associated with increases in the concentration of specific trans fatty acids in milk, the biohydrogenation theory of MFD was proposed, which attributes the causal mechanism to altered ruminal lipid metabolism leading to increased formation of specific biohydrogenation intermediates that exert anti-lipogenic effects. Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is the only biohydrogenation intermediate to have been infused at the abomasum over a range of experimental doses (1.25 to 14.0 g/day) and shown unequivocally to inhibit milk fat synthesis in ruminants. However, increases in ruminal trans-10, cis-12 CLA formation do not explain entirely diet-induced MFD, suggesting that other biohydrogenation intermediates and/or other mechanisms may also be involved. Experiments involving abomasal infusions (g/day) in lactating cows have provided evidence that cis-10, trans-12 CLA (1.2), trans-9, cis-11 CLA (5.0) and trans-10 18:1 (92.1) may also exert anti-lipogenic effects. Use of molecular-based approaches have demonstrated that mammary abundance of transcripts encoding for key lipogenic genes are reduced during MFD in the bovine, changes that are accompanied by decrease in sterol response element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and alterations in the expression of genes related to the SREBP1 pathway. Recent studies indicate that transcription of one or more adipogenic genes is increased in subcutaneous adipose tissue in cows during acute or chronic MFD. Feeding diets of similar composition do not induce MFD or substantially alter mammary lipogenic gene expression in the goat. The available data suggests that variation in mammary fatty acid secretion and lipogenic responses to changes in diet composition between ruminants reflect inherent interspecies differences in ruminal lipid metabolism and mammary specific regulation of cellular processes and key lipogenic enzymes involved in the synthesis of milk fat triacylglycerides.Keywords: milk fat, trans fatty acids, gene expression, lipogenesis, ruminants ImplicationsUnderstanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk-energ...

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Crushed sunflower, flax, or canola seeds in lactating dairy cow diets: Effects on methane production, rumen fermentation, and milk production

Cited by 233 publications

References 29 publications

Performance and methane emissions of Nellore steers grazing tropical pasture supplemented with lipid sources

Performance and methane emissions of Nellore steers grazing tropical pasture supplemented with lipid sources

Methane mitigation in ruminants: from microbe to the farm scale

Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants

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