“…The typical fermentative bacteria such as Trichococcus, Cloacibacterium and Paludibacter (Dinh et al, 2014;Yassin et al, 2012;Luo et al, 2014) could be detected in most regions of sediment (Supporting Tables 1 and 2), which could induce the hydrolysis and acidification of particulate organic matters, however, the abundance of some fermentative bacteria which could transform macromolecular organic matters into SCFAs showed the decrease tend from middle layer to deep layer of sediment (Trichococcus, Cloacibacterium), and it indicated that the accumulation rate of small molecule organic substrate in deep layer would be lower than that in middle layer. However, Lactobacillus, a major part of the lactic acid producing bacteria (convert polysaccharide to lactic acid (Rao et al, 2000)) could only be detected in the region ⑦, meanwhile, due to the capacity of consuming lactic acid at the condition of low small molecule organic matters, the relative abundance of dominant sulfate reducting bacteria (SRB) (Desulfovibrio and Desulfobulbus (Supporting Tables 1 and 2) (Tsukamoto and Miller, 1999;Taylor and Parkes, 1983)) increased from 0.01% and 0.03% (upper layer of the sediment) to 1.70% and 0.97% (deep layer of the sediment).…”
Section: Microbial Conversions In Different Regions Of the Sewer Sedimentmentioning
In this study, a pilot combined sewer system was constructed to characterize the pollutant transformation in sewer sediment. The results showed that particulate contaminants deposited from sewage could be transformed into dissolved matter by distinct pollutant transformation pathways. Although the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was varied from -80 mV to -340 mV in different region of the sediment, the fermentation was the dominant process in all regions of the sediment, which induced hydrolysis and decomposition of particulate contaminants. As a result, the accumulation of dissolved organic matter and the variation of ORP values along the sediment depth led to the depth-dependent reproduction characteristics of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria, which were existed in the middle and deep layer of the sediment respectively. However, the diversity of nitrifying and polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria was low in sewer sediment and those microbial communities showed a non-significant correlation with nitrogen and phosphorus contaminants, which indicated that the enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus contaminants was mainly caused by physical deposition process. Thus, this study proposed a promising pathway to evaluate pollutant transformation and can help provide theoretical foundation for urban sewer improvement.
“…The typical fermentative bacteria such as Trichococcus, Cloacibacterium and Paludibacter (Dinh et al, 2014;Yassin et al, 2012;Luo et al, 2014) could be detected in most regions of sediment (Supporting Tables 1 and 2), which could induce the hydrolysis and acidification of particulate organic matters, however, the abundance of some fermentative bacteria which could transform macromolecular organic matters into SCFAs showed the decrease tend from middle layer to deep layer of sediment (Trichococcus, Cloacibacterium), and it indicated that the accumulation rate of small molecule organic substrate in deep layer would be lower than that in middle layer. However, Lactobacillus, a major part of the lactic acid producing bacteria (convert polysaccharide to lactic acid (Rao et al, 2000)) could only be detected in the region ⑦, meanwhile, due to the capacity of consuming lactic acid at the condition of low small molecule organic matters, the relative abundance of dominant sulfate reducting bacteria (SRB) (Desulfovibrio and Desulfobulbus (Supporting Tables 1 and 2) (Tsukamoto and Miller, 1999;Taylor and Parkes, 1983)) increased from 0.01% and 0.03% (upper layer of the sediment) to 1.70% and 0.97% (deep layer of the sediment).…”
Section: Microbial Conversions In Different Regions Of the Sewer Sedimentmentioning
In this study, a pilot combined sewer system was constructed to characterize the pollutant transformation in sewer sediment. The results showed that particulate contaminants deposited from sewage could be transformed into dissolved matter by distinct pollutant transformation pathways. Although the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was varied from -80 mV to -340 mV in different region of the sediment, the fermentation was the dominant process in all regions of the sediment, which induced hydrolysis and decomposition of particulate contaminants. As a result, the accumulation of dissolved organic matter and the variation of ORP values along the sediment depth led to the depth-dependent reproduction characteristics of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria, which were existed in the middle and deep layer of the sediment respectively. However, the diversity of nitrifying and polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria was low in sewer sediment and those microbial communities showed a non-significant correlation with nitrogen and phosphorus contaminants, which indicated that the enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus contaminants was mainly caused by physical deposition process. Thus, this study proposed a promising pathway to evaluate pollutant transformation and can help provide theoretical foundation for urban sewer improvement.
“…The novel genus and species Wautersiella falsenii were created to accommodate clinical isolates that were similar phenotypically to members of the genera Chryseobacterium and Empedobacter [ 25 ], but it was later proposed that the single species in this genus be incorporated into the genus Empedobacter [ 26 ]. The genera Soonwooa [ 27 ], Cruoricaptor [ 28 ] and Daejeonia [ 29 ] were each established to contain a single species. The genus Chryseobacterium and all of these related genera had been previously described as belonging to the Chryseobacterium/Riemerella branch of the family Flavobacteriaceae but results from a whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis of 1000 type strain genomes from the phylum Bacteroidetes [ 30 ] recently indicated that they are distinct from the Flavobacteriaceae, and the family name Weeksellaceae was proposed for them.…”
The genus
Chryseobacterium
in the family Weeksellaceae is known to be polyphyletic. Amino acid identity (AAI) values were calculated from whole-genome sequences of species of the genus Chryseobacterium, and their distribution was found to be multi-modal. These naturally-occurring non-continuities were leveraged to standardise genus assignment of these species. We speculate that this multi-modal distribution is a consequence of loss of biodiversity during major extinction events, leading to the concept that a bacterial genus corresponds to a set of species that diversified since the Permian extinction. Transfer of nine species (
Chryseobacterium arachidiradicis
,
Chryseobacterium bovis
,
Chryseobacterium caeni
,
Chryseobacterium hispanicum
,
Chryseobacterium hominis
,
Chryseobacterium hungaricum
,
Chryseobacterium molle
,
Chryseobacterium
pallidum
and
Chryseobacterium zeae
) to the genus
Epilithonimonas
and eleven (
Chryseobacterium anthropi
,
Chryseobacterium antarcticum
,
Chryseobacterium carnis
,
Chryseobacterium chaponense
, Chryseobacterium haifense, Chryseobacterium jeonii,
Chryseobacterium montanum
,
Chryseobacterium palustre
,
Chryseobacterium solincola
,
Chryseobacterium treverense
and
Chryseobacterium yonginense
) to the genus
Kaistella
is proposed. Two novel species are described: Kaistella daneshvariae sp. nov. and Epilithonimonas vandammei sp. nov. Evidence is presented to support the assignment of
Planobacterium taklimakanense
to a genus apart from Chryseobacterium, to which Planobacterium salipaludis comb nov. also belongs. The novel genus Halpernia is proposed, to contain the type species Halpernia frigidisoli comb. nov., along with Halpernia humi comb. nov., and Halpernia marina comb. nov.
“…2), functional microbial communities such as Trichococcus , Cloacibacterium , and Paludibacter were abundant in sewer sediment. Their abilities on hydrolysis and acidification of pollutants were the main reasons for the generation of CO 2 and methane [18–20]. Thus, it indicated that the contributions to greenhouse gas generation by sewage and sediment changed in the different levels of sewer, and this characteristic should be considered in the calculations of greenhouse gas emission in sewers.Fig.…”
Background: The urban sewer system is an important component of urban water infrastructure for sewage collection and transportation, and in-sewer transportation of sewage can cause multitudinous contaminant degradations which lead to formation of gaseous products. Although the greenhouse gases of methane and carbon dioxide have been confirmed to consist in the gaseous products, the mechanisms of greenhouse gas generation were unclear and the significances of greenhouse gases emission from sewers were generally underestimated. Results: In this study, 3 years of monitoring was conducted to evaluate the greenhouse gases emission in 37-kmlong urban sewer systems covering 13 km 2. The results showed that the emission of carbon dioxide and methane was extensively existing in sewers, and especially, exhibited a characteristic of regional difference. In order to reveal the formation mechanism of carbon dioxide and methane in sewers, the metagenomic approach was utilized to analyze the annotated pathways and homologous bio-enzymes, and it indicated that fourteen pivotal annotated pathways were involved in the carbon dioxide and methane generation. According to the metagenomics and 3-year monitoring results, the total amounts of carbon dioxide and methane emission in sewers were calculated by the transformation venation of contaminants (such as methyl alcohol, methylamine and acetic acid along branch sewer, sub-main sewer and main sewer, respectively). The calculation results showed that the total greenhouse gas emissions in sewer were calculated to be 199 t/day in Xi'an, and if scaling up as population proportion, the greenhouse gas emission from sewer systems in China could be 30,685 t/day. Comparing with the greenhouse gas emissions from different metropolises (New York City, London and Tokyo) and industries (dairy farms, automobile production and steel enterprises), the amount of greenhouse gases produced by the urban sewer system is much higher. Conclusions: This study revealed the transformation pathways of contaminants which promoted the generation of greenhouse gases in sewers. Based on this analysis, the greenhouse gas emissions along sewer systems were calculated. The results indicate that the greenhouse gas emission from sewer systems is non-negligible, and should be attracted sufficient attention.
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