Crumpled reduced graphene oxide–polyamidoamine dendrimer hybrid nanoparticles for the preparation of an electrochemical biosensor

Abstract

Reduced graphene nanoparticles were prepared from graphene oxide through a two-step covalent modification approach. Graphene oxide was first enriched with reactive epoxy groups by anchoring (3glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane at the hydroxyl groups located on the nanocarbon basal plane. Modified graphene oxide was further cross-linked and partially reduced by treatment with the fourthgeneration ethylenediamine core polyamidoamine G-4 dendrimer producing graphene nanoparticles with crumpled paper-like morphology. This graphene derivative was employed as a coating material for glassy carbon electrodes and the nanostructured electrode was tested for the preparation of electrochemical biosensors by immobilizing the enzyme tyrosinase through cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. This bioelectrode showed excellent electroanalytical behavior for catechol with a fast response in about 6 s, linear range of 10 nM to 22 mM, sensitivity of 424 mA M À1 , and low detection limit of 6 nM. The enzyme biosensor also showed high stability when stored at 4 C under dry and wet conditions.

Decoration of reduced graphene oxide with rhodium nanoparticles for the design of a sensitive electrochemical enzyme biosensor for 17β-estradiol

“…groups, as well as peaks at 1383 cm À 1 and 1228 cm À 1 corresponding to the stretching of C-OH and C-O-C groups in not oxidized graphitic domains, respectively. The peaks at 1724 cm À 1 (υ C ¼ O ) and 1062 cm À 1 (υ O-H ) also confirmed the presence of oxygen functional groups in this nanomaterial (Araque et al, 2013). FT-IR analysis was not able to confirm decoration of GO with Rh nanoparticles.…”

“…Mesoporous silica thin films have been also recently employed as two dimensional scaffolds for the assembly of label free electrochemical biosensors (Fernández et al, 2014;Saadaoui et al, 2015). However, graphene-based nanomaterials are, by far, the 2D nanomaterials more widely used for biosensing purposes (Araque et al, 2013;Khatayevich et al, 2014;Kailashiya et al, 2015;Borisova et al, 2015, Araque et al 2014aLian et al, 2015). These 2D carbon nanomaterials have emerged as useful tools for bioelectroanalysis due to their unique electroconductive properties, large surface-to-volume ratio, flexibility, high mechanical and thermal stability, remarkable biocompatibility and low cost (Allen et al, 2009).…”

Reduced graphene oxide-Sb2O5 hybrid nanomaterial for the design of a laccase-based amperometric biosensor for estriol

“…In this context, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) ranks among the nanomaterials more widely employed for the assembly of electrochemical biosensors due to their remarkable thermal, mechanical and electronic properties [8][9][10]. These carbon nanomaterials showing a planar two-dimensional morphology can be prepared at relative low cost and easily functionalized with a variety of chemical groups.…”

Design of a reduced-graphene-oxide composite electrode from an electropolymerizable graphene aqueous dispersion using a cyclodextrin-pyrrole monomer. Application to dopamine biosensing

“…It is noteworthy that the addition of ascorbic acid, uric acid and glucose as interferents did not result in any significant current change for all types of electrodes (figure S1). The comparison with other tyrosinase-based biosensors involving graphene (table S1), clearly indicates that our configuration leads for the detection of catechol and dopamine to almost the best performance in terms of linear range and detection limit [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”