Abstract. Coastal ecosystems can experience acidification via upwelling,
eutrophication, riverine discharge, and climate change. While the resulting
increases in pCO2 can have deleterious effects on
calcifying animals, this change in carbonate chemistry may benefit some
marine autotrophs. Here, we report on experiments performed with North
Atlantic populations of hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), eastern
oysters (Crassostrea virginica), bay scallops (Argopecten irradians), and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) grown with and
without North Atlantic populations of the green macroalgae, Ulva. In
six of seven experiments, exposure to elevated pCO2 levels
(∼1700 µatm) resulted in depressed shell- and/or
tissue-based growth rates of bivalves compared to control conditions, whereas
rates were significantly higher in the presence of Ulva in all
experiments. In many cases, the co-exposure to elevated
pCO2 levels and Ulva had an antagonistic effect
on bivalve growth rates whereby the presence of Ulva under elevated
pCO2 levels significantly improved their performance
compared to the acidification-only treatment. Saturation states for calcium
carbonate (Ω) were significantly higher in the presence of
Ulva under both ambient and elevated CO2 delivery rates,
and growth rates of bivalves were significantly correlated with Ω in
six of seven experiments. Collectively, the results suggest that
photosynthesis and/or nitrate assimilation by Ulva increased
alkalinity, fostering a carbonate chemistry regime more suitable for optimal
growth of calcifying bivalves. This suggests that large natural and/or
aquacultured collections of macroalgae in acidified environments could serve
as a refuge for calcifying animals that may otherwise be negatively impacted
by elevated pCO2 levels and depressed Ω.