“…Surface based cortical thickness methods try to ensure correct topology of the surface after initial segmentation of the WM boundary (Shattuck and Leahy, 2001;Xu et al, 1999;Han et al, 2004), using smoothness and self intersection constraints MacDonald et al, 2000), by correcting topological defects as they occur (Fischl et al, 2001;Segonne et al, 2005), or using a Laplacian function (Kim et al, 2005). Ensuring correct topology or surface regularity massively increases computational cost (Fischl et al, 2001;Han et al, 2004), may require a difficult balance of parameter weights (Kim et al, 2005;Scott et al, 2009), and reduces the model's ability to follow areas of high curvature such as extremely thin gyral stalks (Lohmann et al, 2003) or opposing sides of sulci with no clear CSF between, which can produce bias and error in thickness measurements (Scott et al, 2009).…”