Crucial Cell Signaling Compounds Crosstalk and Integrative Multi-Omics Techniques for Salinity Stress Tolerance in Plants

Abstract

In the era of rapid climate change, abiotic stresses are the primary cause for yield gap in major agricultural crops. Among them, salinity is considered a calamitous stress due to its global distribution and consequences. Salinity affects plant processes and growth by imposing osmotic stress and destroys ionic and redox signaling. It also affects phytohormone homeostasis, which leads to oxidative stress and eventually imbalances metabolic activity. In this situation, signaling compound crosstalk such as gasotransmitters [nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), calcium (Ca), reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and plant growth regulators (auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid) have a decisive role in regulating plant stress signaling and administer unfavorable circumstances including salinity stress. Moreover, recent significant progress in omics techniques (transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) have helped to reinforce the deep understanding of molecular insight in multiple stress tolerance. Currently, there is very little information on gasotransmitters and plant growth regulator crosstalk and inadequacy of information regarding the integration of multi-omics technology during salinity stress. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the crucial cell signaling crosstalk mechanisms and integrative multi-omics techniques to provide a more direct approach for salinity stress tolerance. To address the above-mentioned words, this review covers the common mechanisms of signaling compounds and role of different signaling crosstalk under salinity stress tolerance. Thereafter, we mention the integration of different omics technology and compile recent information with respect to salinity stress tolerance.

Molecular Evolution of Calcium Signaling and Transport in Plant Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

“…Our understanding of calcium signaling has been driven by research at the level of individual genes to the cellular level. Multifaceted in-depth investigation of Ca 2+ -signaling specificity using molecular cloning, transgenic approaches, bio-imaging, bioinformatics, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing, interaction networks screening and omics have revealed the biological relevance of intracellular Ca 2+ -signaling networks with the external environment [6,[16][17][18][19].…”

Changes in Photosynthetic Pigments Content in Non-Transformed and AtCKX Transgenic Centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) Shoots Grown under Salt Stress In Vitro

“…The detrimental salinity effects on plants are the consequence of Na + and Cl − ion toxicity and, also, a water deficit that results in osmotic and ionic stress, which usually leads to numerous physiological and biochemical changes that inhibit plant growth, development, and protein synthesis [3]. Salinity stress induces remarkable alternations in physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes [4]. Photosynthesis is an important parameter used to monitor plant responses to abiotic stress.…”

Omics-Facilitated Crop Improvement for Climate Resilience and Superior Nutritive Value

“…In response to various environmental and pathogenic stresses, plants institute sophisticated physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms, including biosynthesis of a diverse range of metabolites, antioxidant enzymes activation, ions uptake and transport, osmoprotectants (especially proline) accumulation, and phytohormones release, among others ( Pandey et al, 2015 ; Singhal R.K. et al, 2021 ). Metabolites encompass hundreds or thousands of primary or secondary compounds such as organic acids, sugar alcohols, hormones, allelochemicals, ketones, amino acids, steroids, etc.…”