Crowdsourcing Fundamentals: Definition and Typology

Abstract

Crowdsourcing is a problem-solving and task realization model that is being increasingly used. Thanks to the possibility of harnessing the collective intelligence from the Internet; thanks to the crowdsourcing initiatives people can, for example, find a solution to a complex chemical problem, get images tagged, or get a logo designed. Due to its success and usefulness, more and more researchers have focused their interest on this concept. This fact has shown that the concept of crowdsourcing has no clear boundaries, and although over time the concept has been better explained, some authors describe it differently, propose different types of crowdsourcing initiatives, or even use contradictory crowdsourcing examples. In this paper, an integrated definition and typology, developed in 2012, are analyzed to check whether they are still valid today or whether need a reformulation.

A Survey on Location Privacy-Preserving Mechanisms in Mobile Crowdsourcing

“…For the purpose of differentiating between the previously discussed techniques, we conducted a comparison using five main criteria: (1) Location privacy of worker and task, (2) the used technique in implementing each mechanism, (3) the overhead caused by applying every solution on a system, (4) the existence of third party, and (5) task assignment mode. For further illustration, we explain each one as follows:…”

“…Those groups could be chosen according to specific criteria, for example, their job title, medical history, or their salary. Crowdsourcing enabled adequate and effective data collection solution [2].…”

Crowdsourcing in health professions education: What radiography educators can learn from other disciplines

“…As no definition is available in the literature specific to health professional's education, a definition from another research field was adopted 4 -table 2. This definition, developed by Estelles-Arolas and Gonzalez-Ladron-de-Guevara 4 , is the only one available relating to crowdsourcing and was developed following the systematic review of six scientific databases. From the 209 documents reviewed, 40 unique definitions of crowdsourcing were identified and used to develop a final 8-point classification tool, which defines 'crowdsourcing'.…”

“…Crowdsourcing works through an institution outsourcing a function normally performed by an employee or group of individuals 3 . Within the crowdsource, users known as the crowd form an online community who voluntarily undertake a task, online, which typically involves the pooling of knowledge resources, and in which mutual benefit is experienced 4 . Hence the advantages of crowdsourcing is that it is easy to access a large pool of participants for a research problem, it offers time savings as a large number of contributors work in parallel and this can support lower labour costs.…”

New web services that help authors choose journals

“…While using these services is free, contributing a review does involve user registration -Quality Open Access Market requires an academic email address and JournalReviewer states the reviews are moderated. While crowdsourcing data within established communities that have a shared social identity often fosters participation, individual involvement is often motivated by drivers such as social recognition and self-esteem (Estellés-Arolas, Navarro-Giner, & González-Ladrón- de-Guevara, 2015;Porter, Donthu, MacElroy, & Wydra, 2011). Depending on crowdsourcing data for the broader publishing industry may not yet be ideal; however, uncovering information about peer review is becoming paramount (Baverstock, 2016;Porter et al, 2011).…”