Crosswell Electromagnetic Tomography in Saudi Arabia - From Field Surveys to Resistivity Mapping

Wilt, Michael; Donadille, Jean-Marc; AlRuwaili, Saleh B.; M., S.; Marsala, Alberto

doi:10.3997/2214-4609.20147661

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In fact, the system has been used to image between wells separated by up to 1 km (Wilt et al, 2008). Operational frequencies range from 1-1000 Hz depending on the well spacing, background resistivity and well completions.…”

Section: The Crosswell Em Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experience with Crosswell Electromagnetics (EM) for Waterflood Management in Oman

Mieles¹,

Darnet

Popta

et al. 2009

All Days

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax +1-972-952-9435. AbstractBeginning in 2003 Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) began testing the crosswell electromagnetic method for waterflood monitoring in Oman. The tomographic method, which determines interwell resistivity from inductive EM signals, is well suited for tracking injected water volumes, especially when this fluid is a low resistivity, high salinity brine.The method was applied in two Omani oil fields for tracking injected water. In the first field several vertical well pattern pilots were established to measure water flood sweep efficiency in two zones of a shallow, but relatively thick, multi layer reservoir. In the shallow zone a two year monitoring program revealed that much of the injected water had bypassed the reservoir, likely escaping through high permeability streaks. In the deeper pilot the EM results showed an excellent interwell sweep but some leakage to the overlying formation. For the second field the method was applied in existing widely-spaced barefoot injection wells. In this old line drive flood we wished to image the residual oil saturation and injected water volumes. In this case the resistivity anomalies in this mature water flood were fairly subtle. Interwell formation heterogeneity could only be revealed by calculating resistivity differences between the initial or background model and the image after inversion. One of these difference images revealed that a significant oil bank remained adjacent to the central producer.The overall experience with the crosswell EM tomography revealed that this technique can have great value in imaging water flooding. Drawbacks include the costs of installing special monitoring wells that are required under some conditions and the low resolution that is obtained in cases where the length of the survey interval is short relative to the well spacing. A good reservoir model is required in order to use constraints that are required for steering the crosswell EM inversion.

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Section: The Crosswell Em Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the emerging technologies with the capability of interrogating between wells is the crosswell EM Induction method (Wilt et al, 2008). This technology can map the interwell resistivity at well separations up to several hundreds of meters and thereby offer an idea of the fluid saturation deep into reservoir away from the wells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience with Crosswell Electromagnetics (EM) for Waterflood Management in Oman

Mieles¹,

Darnet

Popta

et al. 2009

All Days

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“…The injected water replaces produced oil and has broken through in some of the producer wells. The distribution of injected water is variable, because of heterogeneities in this carbonate reservoir (Wilt et al, 2008). In one part of this giant field, resistivity measurements obtained by conventional wireline logs indicated two producing wells were nearly watered out.…”

Section: Em Cross-well Tomography Case 2: Water Flood Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To better monitor movements of hydrocarbon fluid lying between wells at a reservoir scale, fluid-saturation surveys based on cross-well EM induction tomography have been performed Wilt et al, 1995;DePavia et al, 2008;Wilt, Donadille, AlRuwaili, Ma, & Marsala, 2008;Marsala et al, 2008. Surface-to-borehole EM uses an array of borehole receivers and a movable surface source, Pardo, Torres-Verdín, Marsala et al, 2011).…”

Section: Cross-well Electromagnetic Tomography In Hydrocarbon Reservomentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of tomography in the oil-gas industry – Part 2

Xie¹,

Wilt

2015

Industrial Tomography

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“…Being in a coastal area, the deep (around 1500 m) target reservoir is characterized by native brine; its low electrical resistivity will generate a large resistivity contrast to the added freshwater. The high fluid-induced resistivity difference in combination with the large reservoir depth and preexisting well infrastructure call for the crosswell electromagnetic (EM) method (e.g., Wilt et al, 1995a;1995b;Wilkinson 2005;Marsala et al, 2008) as the method of choice for monitoring. Complementing sparse borehole-based pressure measurements, due to its larger volumetric coverage, crosswell EM will aid the critical subtask of spatiotemporal plume mapping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptable technique for comparative image assessment: Application to crosswell electromagnetic survey design for fluid monitoring

et al. 2021

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Reservoir integrity stewardship accompanying carbon capture and sequestration considers reservoir fluid extraction and re-injection as a risk-mitigating method against reservoir overpressuring that could lead to caprock damage and ensuing CO2 leakage. Crosswell electromagnetics offers a technically viable monitoring method with the spatial volume coverage necessary for reservoir-encompassing pressure management. However, a certain logistical dilemma for deep gas sequestration into saline and thus electrically conductive aquifers is that crosswell magnetic-field measurements underperform in the imaging of more resistive plume bodies, further exacerbated when vertical arrays intersect, as opposed to surround, plumes. Comparative synthetic-data plume imaging of such scenarios rates the information content of magnetic-field versus electric-field 3D crosswell layouts for reservoir and infrastructure conditions of a representative pilot site in a coastal area in Florida. The image quality of the resulting plume replications can be ranked numerically through a newly proposed semblance qualifier, appraising the model goodness of fit to a given reference. In contrast to common least-squares measures for goodness of fit, the semblance formulation employs classifying logistic function types, thus enabling a better distinction of predefined anomaly features.

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Crosswell Electromagnetic Tomography in Saudi Arabia - From Field Surveys to Resistivity Mapping

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Experience with Crosswell Electromagnetics (EM) for Waterflood Management in Oman

Experience with Crosswell Electromagnetics (EM) for Waterflood Management in Oman

Applications of tomography in the oil-gas industry – Part 2

An adaptable technique for comparative image assessment: Application to crosswell electromagnetic survey design for fluid monitoring

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