Crosswell Electromagnetic Resistivity Tomography: Pushing the Limits

Sanni, Modiu; Yeh, Nai-Shyong; Al-Afaleg, Nabeel; Al-Kaabi, Abdulaziz; Levesque, Cyrille; Donadille, Jean-Marc; Ma, Shouxiang

doi:10.2523/105353-ms

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Interest in nanotechnology for subsurface applications, including oil and gas recovery, reservoir imaging, , CO 2 sequestration, − and environmental remediation, − has grown markedly over the past few years. In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) that have been utilized in biomedical MRI imaging , are now being explored for subsurface applications including magnetomotive acoustic imaging , and cross-well electromagnetic tomography. , These developments offer the potential to monitor reservoir fluid movement and composition between oil wells separated by hundreds of meters if NPs can be transported successfully through the reservoir. Unfortunately, the high salinities (>1 M) and often elevated temperatures (≤150 °C) found in subsurface reservoirs cause NP aggregation as well as excessive nanoparticle adsorption on mineral surfaces. ,,,, NP stabilizers may be used to attempt to overcome this drawback, but with limited success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Grafted with Sulfonated Copolymers are Stable in Concentrated Brine at Elevated Temperatures and Weakly Adsorb on Silica

Bagaria

Xue

Neilson

et al. 2013

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

193

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Magnetic nanoparticles that can be transported in subsurface reservoirs at high salinities and temperatures are expected to have a major impact on enhanced oil recovery, carbon dioxide sequestration, and electromagnetic imaging. Herein we report a rare example of steric stabilization of iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (NPs) grafted with poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate-co-acrylic acid) (poly(AMPS-co-AA)) that not only display colloidal stability in standard American Petroleum Institute (API) brine (8% NaCl + 2% CaCl2 by weight) at 90 °C for 1 month but also resist undesirable adsorption on silica surfaces (0.4% monolayer NPs). Because the AMPS groups interacted weakly with Ca(2+), they were sufficiently well solvated to provide steric stabilization. The PAA groups, in contrast, enabled covalent grafting of the poly(AMPS-co-AA) chains to amine-functionalized IO NPs via formation of amide bonds and prevented polymer desorption even after a 40,000-fold dilution. The aforementioned methodology may be readily adapted to stabilize a variety of other functional inorganic and organic NPs at high salinities and temperatures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Grafted with Sulfonated Copolymers are Stable in Concentrated Brine at Elevated Temperatures and Weakly Adsorb on Silica

Bagaria

Xue

Neilson

et al. 2013

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

193

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Novel Borehole System for Reservoir Monitoring Using Transient Electromagnetics

et al. 2011

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In this paper, we describe a novel transient electromagnetic borehole technology for reservoir monitoring that has important advantages over existing borehole electromagnetic methods. This work is based on computer simulation of a waterflooded reservoir model that demonstrates the efficacy of this technique for reservoir monitoring. Conventional and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes such as waterflooding, steam flooding, and chemical flooding cause key changes in reservoir fluid composition over time. The proposed transient electromagnetic borehole technology can be used for fluid front monitoring and to detect bypassed pay in reservoirs. Existing cross-well borehole electromagnetic technology has shown potential for detecting changes in the reservoir over time by measuring resistivity contrasts. However, it has limitations; most notable being that the measurement is limited to the region between a pair of wells. We show that transient measurements have a distinct advantage over traditional continuous-wave measurements in that different segments of the transient signal can be mapped to different regions of the formation. Furthermore, the measured transient signal has no interference from the transmitter because the transmitter is silent when the formation signal is acquired. This technology eliminates the need for using two separate wells simultaneously, and it has better spatial resolution for the region close to the well. We present several 3-dimensional transient simulation results for a single-well triaxial transmitter-receiver system in a hypothetical waterflooded reservoir. Some of the measured signals demonstrate azimuthal and radial sensitivity to a water front 1,000 ft away. This paper describes transient electromagnetic technology for a single-well borehole reservoir monitoring system that can be implemented with permanent sensors, while cross-well technology needs a multi-frequency multi-spacing transmitter-receiver system along with wireline logging equipment for multiple wells. The 3-dimensional transient electromagnetic computer simulations performed for this work are also an important addition to the knowledgebase of the industry.

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Reservoir Surveillance Program Optimization Using Rapid Nuclear Modeling Integrated with Formation Testing and Sampling

Eltaher

McIlroy

et al. 2017

Day 4 Thu, April 27, 2017

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Reservoir surveillance is of critical importance for the intergrated management of mature reservoirs. Accurate oil saturation monitoring is needed for operational decision making and planning. Reducing saturation uncertainties relies on accurate petrophysical parameters that reflect static and dynamic reservoir properties. The accuracy requirement for remaining and residual oil saturation is trending to be tighter for applications like improving flood sweep efficiency. The conventional technique using a pulsed-neutron (PN) measurement has been proven effective for most applications of time lapse saturation analysis. Traditional PN interpretation workflow underlies standardized tool responses for specific corrections based on borehole conditions, as well as reservoir rock and fluid properties. The measurements are converted into standardized tool responses using environmental correction algorithms before further processing with saturation models, which lead to answers of petrophysical significance. This paper documents a new model that integrates rapid nuclear modeling of PN tool responses, along with formation testing and sampling data so that variations in reservoir fluid properties are considered, for more accurate in-situ oil characterization.

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Crosswell Electromagnetic Resistivity Tomography: Pushing the Limits

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Grafted with Sulfonated Copolymers are Stable in Concentrated Brine at Elevated Temperatures and Weakly Adsorb on Silica

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Grafted with Sulfonated Copolymers are Stable in Concentrated Brine at Elevated Temperatures and Weakly Adsorb on Silica

Novel Borehole System for Reservoir Monitoring Using Transient Electromagnetics

Reservoir Surveillance Program Optimization Using Rapid Nuclear Modeling Integrated with Formation Testing and Sampling

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