Crosswell electromagnetic induction between two widely spaced horizontal wells: Coiled-tubing conveyed data collection and 3D inversion from a carbonate reservoir in Saudi Arabia

Marsala, Alberto; Lyngra, Stig; Safdar, Muhammad; Zhang, Ping; Wilt, Michael

doi:10.1190/segam2015-5891203.1

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…With well distances on the order of a few hundred meters, our VMD system that works via EM induction of currents into the formation has a general frequency operating range between 5 Hz and 1 kHz. Sufficient data quality for wells as far apart as 1 km could be achieved in this frequency range, also with one of the wells cased with standard carbon steel (Marsala et al, 2008(Marsala et al, , 2015. However, due to signal attenuation of the steel casing as well as nonlinear hysteretic effects, a steel well can only host the receiver, while the transmitter well must be either open or cased with a non-conductive liner such as fiberglass or PVC.…”

Section: Crosswell Survey Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptable technique for comparative image assessment: Application to crosswell electromagnetic survey design for fluid monitoring

et al. 2021

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Reservoir integrity stewardship accompanying carbon capture and sequestration considers reservoir fluid extraction and re-injection as a risk-mitigating method against reservoir overpressuring that could lead to caprock damage and ensuing CO2 leakage. Crosswell electromagnetics offers a technically viable monitoring method with the spatial volume coverage necessary for reservoir-encompassing pressure management. However, a certain logistical dilemma for deep gas sequestration into saline and thus electrically conductive aquifers is that crosswell magnetic-field measurements underperform in the imaging of more resistive plume bodies, further exacerbated when vertical arrays intersect, as opposed to surround, plumes. Comparative synthetic-data plume imaging of such scenarios rates the information content of magnetic-field versus electric-field 3D crosswell layouts for reservoir and infrastructure conditions of a representative pilot site in a coastal area in Florida. The image quality of the resulting plume replications can be ranked numerically through a newly proposed semblance qualifier, appraising the model goodness of fit to a given reference. In contrast to common least-squares measures for goodness of fit, the semblance formulation employs classifying logistic function types, thus enabling a better distinction of predefined anomaly features.

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Section: Crosswell Survey Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptable technique for comparative image assessment: Application to crosswell electromagnetic survey design for fluid monitoring

et al. 2021

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“…The purpose of this example is to demonstrate the modular implementation of simpegEM and how it can be used to experiment with simulation and inversion approaches. Conducting electromagnetic surveys in settings where steel casing is present is growing in interest for applications such as monitoring hydraulic fracturing or enhanced oil recovery (Hoversten et al, 2015;Um et al, 2015;Commer et al, 2015;Hoversten et al, 2014;Marsala et al, 2015; Cuevas, 2014a;Weiss et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2016). Steel is highly conductive (∼ 5.5 × 10 6 S /m), has a significant magnetic permeability (∼ 50µ 0 − 100µ 0 ) (Wu and Habashy, 1994).…”

Section: Steel-cased Well: Sensitivity Analysis For a Parametric Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various modelling approaches in both time and frequency domain simulations are being explored, these include employing highly-refined meshes (Commer et al, 2015), using cylindrical symmetry (Heagy et al, 2015) or approximating the casing on a coarse-scale (Um et al, 2015), possibly 3D anisotropic approximations (Caudillo-Mata et al, 2014). Beyond forward simulations that predict EM responses, to enable the interpretation of field data with these tools requires that machinery to address the inverse problem and experiment with approaches for constrained and/or time lapse inversions be in place (Devriese and Oldenburg, 2016;Marsala et al, 2015). Typically, addressing each of these complexities would require a custom implementation, particularly for the frequency domain and time domain simulations, although aspects, such as physical properties, are common to both.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for simulation and inversion in electromagnetics

Heagy

Cockett

Kang

et al. 2017

Computers & Geosciences

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Simulations and inversions of electromagnetic geophysical data are paramount for discerning meaningful information about the subsurface from these data. Depending on the nature of the source electromagnetic experiments may be classified as time-domain or frequency-domain. Multiple heterogeneous and sometimes anisotropic physical properties, including electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability, may need be considered in a simulation. Depending on what one wants to accomplish in an inversion, the parameters which one inverts for may be a voxel-based description of the earth or some parametric representation that must be mapped onto a simulation mesh. Each of these permutations of the electromagnetic problem has implications in a numerical implementation of the forward simulation as well as in the computation of the sensitivities, which are required when considering gradient-based inversions. This paper proposes a framework for organizing and implementing electromagnetic simulations and gradient-based inversions in a modular, extensible fashion. We take an object-oriented approach for defining and organizing each of the necessary elements in an electromagnetic simulation, including: the physical properties, sources, formulation of the discrete problem to be solved, the resulting fields and fluxes, and receivers used to sample to the electromagnetic responses. A corresponding implementation is provided as part of the open source simulation and parameter estimation project SimPEG (http://simpeg.xyz). The application of the framework is demonstrated through two synthetic examples and one field example

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“…Measurement of electromagnetic fields for geophysical purposes covers a wider range than those required by most of the other fields. For example, when performing cross-well EM exploration, the noise level was estimated as 0.5 × 10 −5 nT [15]. The magnitudes of magnetic fields used in cardiac or brain medical research are also very small and require precise and expensive equipment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Beyond Carbon Steel: Detecting Wellbore Shape and Cavities, and Cement Imperfections in Cased Wells

Eltsov

Patzek

2019

Energies

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The non-corrosive, electrically resistive fiberglass casing materials may improve the economics of oil and gas field projects. At moderate temperatures (<120 °C), fiberglass casing is superior to carbon steel casing in applications that involve wet CO2 injection and/or production, such as carbon capture and storage, and CO2-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. Without a perfect protective cement shell, carbon steel casing in contact with a concentrated formation brine corrodes and the fiberglass casing is superior again. Fiberglass casing enables electromagnetic logging for exploration and reservoir monitoring, but it requires the development of new logging methods. Here we present a technique for the detection of integrity of magnetic cement behind resistive fiberglass casing. We demonstrate that an optimized induction logging tool can detect small changes in the magnetic permeability of cement through a non-conductive casing in a vertical (or horizontal) well. We determine both the integrity and solidification state of the cement-filled annulus behind the casing. Changes in magnetic permeability influence mostly the real part of the vertical component of the magnetic field. The signal amplitude is more sensitive to a change in the magnetic properties of the cement, rather than the signal phase. Our simulations showed that optimum separation between the transmitter and receiver coils ranged from 0.25 to 0.6 m, and the most suitable magnetic field frequencies varied from 0.1 to 10 kHz. A high-frequency induction probe operating at 200 MHz can measure the degree of solidification of cement. The proposed method can detect borehole cracks filled with cement, incomplete lift of cement, casing eccentricity, and other borehole inhomogeneities.

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Crosswell electromagnetic induction between two widely spaced horizontal wells: Coiled-tubing conveyed data collection and 3D inversion from a carbonate reservoir in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

An adaptable technique for comparative image assessment: Application to crosswell electromagnetic survey design for fluid monitoring

An adaptable technique for comparative image assessment: Application to crosswell electromagnetic survey design for fluid monitoring

A framework for simulation and inversion in electromagnetics

Beyond Carbon Steel: Detecting Wellbore Shape and Cavities, and Cement Imperfections in Cased Wells

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