Crossvergence and cultural tendencies: A longitudinal test of the Hong Kong, Taiwan and United States banking sectors

Kelley, Lane; MacNab, Brent; Worthley, Reginald

doi:10.1016/j.intman.2005.04.002

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Hofstede states that these dimensions differentiate national cultures around the world and he provides ratings on these dimensions for many countries as characterized below (Hofstede's cultural dimensions, 2008). Hofstede (1980Hofstede ( , 1991Hofstede ( , 1997 study was replicated in different settings; in information technology (Harvey, 1997), in economic dynamics and institutional stability (Tang & Koveos, 2008), in work related values (Kirkman, Lowe & Gibson, 2006), in international marketing studies (Soares, Farhangmehr & Shoham, 2007), in public anxiety (Arrindell et al, 2004), in facework studies (Merkin, 2006), in transformational leadership (Ergeneli, Gohar & Temirbekova, 2007), and in crossvergence and cultural tendencies (Kelley, MacNab & Worthley, 2006). …”

Section: Replication Of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions In Jordanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replicating Hofstede in Jordan: Ungeneralized, Reevaluating the Jordanian Culture

Alkailani¹,

Azzam²,

Athamneh³

2012

IBR

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Hofstede was credited with completing the largest cross-cultural study applicable to international management theory and a review of the literature indicates that the dimensions identified by Hofstede capture the essence of many dimensions and value orientations proposed by other researchers. The effect of culture on people's life is so great that it will even affects the motives and choices of people's behavior. The aim of the study is to update the Hofstede cultural value dimensions. We argue that scores (findings) obtained by Hofstede in his previous studies conducted in Arab countries and then generalized to Jordanian culture are not scientifically valid. This study replicates Hofstede's study with data obtained from students studying for their master degrees in different universities in Jordan. Throughout the history of studying national cultures, a number of researchers, through their intense investigation of cultures, explored different cultural frameworks. This paper begins by reviewing the literature on culture and cultural frameworks. In the section after that, a replication of Hofstede's study was conducted and findings were obtained. The final section concludes with a discussion of findings, and why findings obtained differ from those found earlier by Hofstede himself in previous research.Keywords: Jordan, Culture, Cultural dimensions, Hofstede, Arab Countries, Individualism, Collectivism, Power distance, Uncertainty avoidance, Masculinity, Femininity Culture DefinedThe definition of culture and what is meant by culture has been open to debate and differences of interpretation (Ayoun, 2008). Culture is a complex universe including knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs, and any capabilities and habits a member of society can obtain (Taylor, 1974). Culture can be learned and shared (Hofstede, 1980), is the social heritage and life regulator (Chang, 1987), continues to grow and change; and every field of human life is related to it (Soares, Farhangnher & Shohmes, 2008). In short, culture is the sum of all treasures created by human beings, and the generic term for all life demonstrated by society (Chang & Chwang, 2005 Cultures can be understood as systems of symbols and meanings that even their creators contest, that lack fixed boundaries, that are constantly in flux, and that interact and compete with one another (Swider, 1986). It is a complex construct that can be studied on different levels; organizational, regional, and national (Hofstede, 1998). Cultural FrameworksThe concept of culture can help us understand the puzzle of human diversity that is so dominant in public discussions today about multicultural societies Marketing and business researchers, on the other hand, view national culture more as a dynamic process affecting a wide range of behaviors, particularly those relating to buying and consumption (Chuang & Chang, 2005).Triandis (1994) illustrates that culture cannot be separated from the individual; it is not a system of abstract values that exists independently of ind...

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Section: Replication Of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions In Jordanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replicating Hofstede in Jordan: Ungeneralized, Reevaluating the Jordanian Culture

Alkailani¹,

Azzam²,

Athamneh³

2012

IBR

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“…To the extent that there are deep cultural differences in ethical standards (Cullen et al, 2004;Robertson, 2002), differences in expected conduct can harm superiorsubordinate work relationships (Ferres et al, 2004). Despite growing concerns regarding business corruption and unethical business practices by managers operating in international environments (Jackson, 2001; Thorne & Saunders, 2002), global studies of unethical business practices and ethical sensitivity have been far less prevalent (Collins, 2000) than multi-country studies of cross-cultural differences in values (Hofstede, 2001;Inglehart, 1997;Kelley, MacNab, & Worthley, 2006;Ralston, Pounder, Lo, Wong, Egri, & Stauffer, 2006a;Schwartz, 1997;Smith, Dugan, & Trompenaars, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical preferences for influencing superiors: A 41-society study

Ralston

Egri²,

Carranza³

et al. 2009

J Int Bus Stud

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With a 41-society sample of 9990 managers and professionals, we used hierarchical linear modeling to investigate the impact of both macro-level and micro-level predictors on subordinate influence ethics. While we found that both macro-level and micro-level predictors contributed to the model definition, we also found global agreement for a subordinate influence ethics hierarchy. Thus our findings provide evidence that developing a global model of subordinate ethics is possible, and should be based upon multiple criteria and multilevel variables.

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“…The evolving and interacting economic systems due to globalization have an impact on culture, contributing to the creation of unique cultural identities that are different from those of the interacting cultures. Ralston et al (1993), Kelley et al (2006), Reisinger and Crotts (2010) Cultural hybridization Cultural hybridization refers to the making of global culture as a mix of different cultures (African, Asian, North American, South American, European, etc.). The growing interconnection between individuals from different cultures (e.g., immigration) and the co-existence and close proximity (e.g., cross-cultural marriages) may lead to the integration of cultural elements (rituals, ideas, consumption patterns, languages, values) from a variety of cultural sources, creating cultural hybridization.…”

Section: Cultural Crossvergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Culture Change and Globalization: The Unresolved Debate between Cross-National and Cross-Cultural Classifications

Ladhari

Souiden

Choi

2015

Australasian Marketing Journal

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This study intends to examine the assumptions of culture homogeneity within nations and its stability in the current global context. First, by using a sample of 720 respondents (207 in Canada, 263 in Japan, and 250 in Morocco), it empirically examines the cultural values of three countries at three different continents (Canada in North America, Japan in East Asia, and Morocco in North Africa) and compares the findings to Hofstede's framework. Second, it tests for the existence of cultural segments transcending the national boundaries. Cultural values are measured using the horizontal–vertical individualism and collectivism scale. The findings show that: (i) horizontal collectivism dominates the cultural environment of these three countries; (ii) horizontal collectivism and horizontal individualism coexist in Canada; and (iii) vertical individualism characterizes Morocco and Japan more than Canada. In addition, the study reports three segments that transcend national borders, each of them sharing the same cultural values. When compared with each other, the three clusters completely differ on horizontal collectivism, vertical collectivism, and horizontal individualism. The research concludes that some changes are occurring in cultural values/patterns in the three studied countries.

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Crossvergence and cultural tendencies: A longitudinal test of the Hong Kong, Taiwan and United States banking sectors

Cited by 42 publications

References 29 publications

Replicating Hofstede in Jordan: Ungeneralized, Reevaluating the Jordanian Culture

Replicating Hofstede in Jordan: Ungeneralized, Reevaluating the Jordanian Culture

Ethical preferences for influencing superiors: A 41-society study

Culture Change and Globalization: The Unresolved Debate between Cross-National and Cross-Cultural Classifications

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