Crosstalk of PmCBFs and PmDAMs Based on the Changes of Phytohormones under Seasonal Cold Stress in the Stem of Prunus mume

Abstract

Plants facing the seasonal variations always need a growth restraining mechanism when temperatures turn down. C-repeat binding factor (CBF) genes work essentially in the cold perception. Despite lots of researches on CBFs, the multiple crosstalk is still interesting on their interaction with hormones and dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) genes in the growth and dormancy control. Therefore, this study highlights roles of PmCBFs in cold-induced dormancy from different orgens. And a sense-response relationship between PmCBFs and PmDAMs is exhibited in this process, jointly regulated by six PmCBFs and PmDAM4–6. Meantime, GA3 and ABA showed negative and positive correlation with PmCBFs expression levels, respectively. We also find a high correlation between IAA and PmDAM1–3. Finally, we display the interaction mode of PmCBFs and PmDAMs, especially PmCBF1-PmDAM1. These results can disclose another view of molecular mechanism in plant growth between cold-response pathway and dormancy regulation together with genes and hormones.

Elucidation of Molecular and Hormonal Background of Early Growth Cessation and Endodormancy Induction in Two Contrasting Populus Hybrid Cultivars

“…This redundancy makes possible the divergence of functionality, and the possibility for ne-tuning of adequate response for any environmental stimuli, such as stress. As mentioned above, 6 CBFs encoded in the P. mume genome exhibited different expression kinetics during the year: PmCBF1, PmCBF2, and PmCBF3 were upregulated in the stem tissues not only in the cold period but also in late spring [34]. Additionally, low temperature up-regulated 8 CBFs in Prunus mume which subsequently induced all six DAM genes resulting in dormancy development [36].…”

“…While the main regulator of growth cessation and dormancy induction in woody species is short photoperiod, it may be moderated by, and interact with temperature [17]. The increasing con rmation of direct regulation by cold-induced CBFs on DAM gene expression [34,37,55], Niu et al (2016) provided evidence and proposed a model in which CBF induces DAM and DAM downregulates FT which then suppresses growth and stimulates the development of dormancy [38]. Liu and Sherif (2019) further outlined a model integrating multiple phytohormonal networks regulated by DAM [25].…”

“…It is becoming more evident that CBF genes are also involved in dormancy regulation, especially in the development of endodormancy [31][32][33][34]. Benedict et al (2006) studied the kinetics and tissue speci city of 4 CBFs identi ed from Populus balsamifera subsp.…”

“…Also in pear, yeast one-hybrid and transient assays showed that PpCBF2 enhanced PpDAM1 and PpDAM3 transcriptional activity during the induction of dormancy [38]. showed that P. mume CBFs can bind to the PmDAM6 promoter via alternative binding sites and activate its expression [33,34]. Japanese pear PpCBFs were able to induce the expression of PpDAM1-1 and PpMADS13-3 genes in transient reporter assays [55].…”

Cold Hardiness in Trees: A Mini-Review

“…C-repeat binding factor-binding motifs have been identified in promoters of several DAM genes and an EBB homolog in apple ( Wisniewski et al, 2015a ), as well as other plant species. A comprehensive analysis of DAM genes in the ornamental woody plant, P. mume (Chinese plum, Japanese apricot) demonstrated an interaction between CBF s and DAM genes, especially PMCBF1 - PMDAM1 ( Zhao et al, 2018 ) and CBF expression lowered whereas MADS-box gene (1 and 3) expression increased in almond flower buds after bud break ( Barros et al, 2012 ). Wisniewski et al (2015a) noted that overexpression of a peach CBF gene ( PpCBF1 ) in apple altered the expression of DAM , EBB , and RGL (DELLA) genes and that some members of each of these gene families contained C-repeat regions in their promoter regions that are the target sites for CBF.…”