“…8,22,32 However, there are several important questions that MSD results are unable to answer. First, as explained by Piskorz and Ochab-Marcinek, 13 all those commonly used models (i.e., elastic force, 27,33,34 walking confined diffusion with depletion layer, 35,36 or hopping diffusion 8,37,38 ) predict the same MSD feature as shown in Figure 1. It is necessary to develop an alternative approach to identify the source of non-Gaussian behavior and unveil the mechanism of the interaction between the NP and surrounding structure.…”