Crossover Interference, Crossover Maturation, and Human Aneuploidy

Wang, Shunxin; Liu, Yanlei; Shang, Yun; Zhai, Binyuan; Yang, Xiao; Kleckner, Nancy; Zhang, Liangran

doi:10.1002/bies.201800221

Cited by 30 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(321 reference statements)

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“…This evidence comes from a variety of organisms such as tomatoes, mice and humans and lead to the hypothesis that DNA loops along SCs are regularly spaced, with the consequence that the degree of chromatin compaction is reflected in the length of the SC, as smaller loops would yield longer SCs [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Conversely, the same amount of linear DNA organized in longer loops would result in shorter chromosomal axes [ 11 , 32 ]. In the chicken and most avian karyotypes, heterochromatin is mainly confined to microchromosomes [ 33 ], thus the lower DNA density found here in microbivalents seems to contradict the general view over the DNA arrangement in heterochromatin vs. euchromatin along meiotic axes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, for a given genome size, chromosomes with longer loops have shorter axes while chromosomes with shorter loops have longer axes [ 6 , 10 ]. Considering the role of axis length in determining the frequency of CO events, longer/shorter loops imply shorter/longer axes, which in turn imply fewer/more COs [ 11 ]. A great deal of this argument is based on estimates of DNA loop length in micrographs of pachytene nuclei.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA Organization along Pachytene Chromosome Axes and Its Relationship with Crossover Frequencies

Priore

Pigozzi

2021

IJMS

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During meiosis, the number of crossovers vary in correlation to the length of prophase chromosome axes at the synaptonemal complex stage. It has been proposed that the regular spacing of the DNA loops, along with the close relationship of the recombination complexes and the meiotic axes are at the basis of this covariation. Here, we use a cytogenomic approach to investigate the relationship between the synaptonemal complex length and the DNA content in chicken oocytes during the pachytene stage of the first meiotic prophase. The synaptonemal complex to DNA ratios of specific chromosomes and chromosome segments were compared against the recombination rates obtained by MLH1 focus mapping. The present results show variations in the DNA packing ratios of macro- and microbivalents and also between regions within the same bivalent. Chromosome or chromosome regions with higher crossover rates form comparatively longer synaptonemal complexes than expected based on their DNA content. These observations are compatible with the formation of higher number of shorter DNA loops along meiotic axes in regions with higher recombination levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Organization along Pachytene Chromosome Axes and Its Relationship with Crossover Frequencies

Priore

Pigozzi

2021

IJMS

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“…Also, acrocentric macrobivalents have similar COs frequencies at centromeric and telomeric regions of the long arm (Fig 6). The organization of the DNA loops along meiotic axes is known to influence the number of recombination interactions that are solved as CO events [59]. In fact, birds have higher ratio of SC length per DNA amount than mammals and reptiles, and also have higher recombination rates, supporting the argument that DNA organization along the SC influences CO rates [60].…”

Section: Localized and Non-localized Crossover Distributions Coexist mentioning

confidence: 94%

MLH1 focus mapping in the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) give insights into the crossover landscapes in birds

Priore

Pigozzi

2020

PLoS ONE

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Crossover rates and localization are not homogeneous throughout the genomes. Along the chromosomes of almost all species, domains with high crossover rates alternate with domains where crossover rates are significantly lower than the genome-wide average. The distribution of crossovers along chromosomes constitutes the recombination landscape of a given species and can be analyzed at broadscale using immunostaining of the MLH1 protein, a component of mature recombination nodules found on synaptonemal complexes during pachytene. We scored the MLH1 foci in oocytes of the chicken and the guinea fowl and compared their frequencies in the largest bivalents. The average autosomal number of foci is 62 in the chicken and 44 in the guinea fowl. The lower number in the guinea fowl responds to the occurrence of fewer crossovers in the six largest bivalents, where most MLH1 foci occur within one-fifth of the chromosome length with high polarization towards opposite ends. The skewed distribution of foci in the guinea fowl contrast with the more uniform distribution of numerous foci in the chicken, especially in the four largest bivalents. The crossover distribution observed in the guinea fowl is unusual among Galloanserae and also differs from other, more distantly related birds. We discussed the current evidence showing that the shift towards crossover localization, as observed in the guinea fowl, was not a unique event but also occurred at different moments of bird evolution. A comparative analysis of genome-wide average recombination rates in birds shows variations within narrower limits compared to mammals and the absence of a phylogenetic trend.

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“…Recent studies have also suggested roles for Mlh1–Mlh3 in chromosome disjunction and crossover interference (Chakraborty et al, 2017; ClaeysBouuaert & Keeney, 2017). Crossover interference, seen in many organisms such humans, mice, Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans , regulates the spatial distribution of crossovers; the formation of a crossover lowers the probability of a second crossover nearby (Wang et al, 2019). Widely spaced crossovers, exhibiting interference, help to ensure the fidelity of chromosome segregation.…”

Section: Baker's Yeast Mutl Homolog Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanded roles for the MutL family of DNA mismatch repair proteins

Furman

Elbashir

Alani

2020

Yeast

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The MutL family of DNA mismatch repair proteins plays a critical role in excising and repairing misincorporation errors during DNA replication. In many eukaryotes, members of this family have evolved to modulate and resolve recombination intermediates into crossovers during meiosis. In these organisms, such functions promote the accurate segregation of chromosomes during the meiosis I division. What alterations occurred in MutL homolog (MLH) family members that enabled them to acquire these new roles? In this review, we present evidence that the yeast Mlh1–Mlh3 and Mlh1–Mlh2 complexes have evolved novel enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities and protein–protein interactions that are critical for their meiotic functions. Curiously, even with these changes, these complexes retain backup and accessory roles in DNA mismatch repair during vegetative growth.

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Crossover Interference, Crossover Maturation, and Human Aneuploidy

Cited by 30 publications

References 87 publications

DNA Organization along Pachytene Chromosome Axes and Its Relationship with Crossover Frequencies

DNA Organization along Pachytene Chromosome Axes and Its Relationship with Crossover Frequencies

MLH1 focus mapping in the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) give insights into the crossover landscapes in birds

Expanded roles for the MutL family of DNA mismatch repair proteins

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