Crosslinking reactions of oxidized cellulose fiber. I. Reactions between dialdehyde cellulose and multifunctional amines on lyocell fabric

Abstract

Fibrillation-controlled lyocell fibers were developed by crosslinking reactions between dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) and multifunctional amines. DAC lyocell fibers were manufactured by partial oxidation with sodium metaperiodate and were successfully crosslinked with two multifunctional amines by Schiff-base formation. The amorphous regions and the char formations, which were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, increased with the degree of oxidation. After the crosslinking reactions, an increase in the amorphous regions also appeared, whereas the thermal stability was somewhat improved by the chain crosslinking. These results were in good agreement with viscosity-average degree of polymerization values in that they diminished with oxidation level and increased with the crosslinking reactions. The water retention value and moisture regain value decreased with the oxidation and crosslinking levels, which implied that the swellability of fibers and the water absorbency in characteristic sites decreased with them. The increase in the dry crease recovery angle also confirmed the presence of hemiacetal crosslinks in the DAC and amine crosslinks between the DAC and the amines. The fibrillation grade of the crosslinked fibers diminished with oxidation level and the amine concentration. In particular, the fibrillation properties of the crosslinked fibers with 4-hydroxy-2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine sulfate salt were more easily controlled than those of the crosslinked fibers with 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine.

Controlling the elastic modulus of cellulose nanofibril hydrogels—scaffolds with potential in tissue engineering

“…This was done by linking aldehyde groups on the fibrils by adding either polyethyleneimine (PEI) or poly N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allylamine-co-methylenebisacrylamide (pNIPA) and then cryo-gelling the samples. In another study small crosslinker molecules were used to crosslink cellulose fibres (Han et al 2010). Aqueous triamino-1,3,5-triazine (melamine) solutions were used to crosslink the fibres in lyocell fabrics through the creation of Schiff-bases.…”

“…The double bond can be stabilized by reduction to a secondary amine linkage. This reduction can be done by a reduction agent such as sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ; Han et al 2010).…”

Enhanced Absorbent Products Incorporating Cellulose and Its Derivatives: A Review

“…As was noted earlier, the highest recorded values of swelling tend to be associated with the lowest practical (and sometimes impractical) extents of crosslinking (Bin et al 2000;Wach et al 2001Wach et al , 2002Liu et al 2005a;Demitri et al 2008;Han et al 2010;Pourjavadi et al 2010;Kono and Fujita 2012). The basis for this relationship is illustrated in Fig.…”

“…In addition to the agents listed in Table 1, crosslinking also can be achieved by use of dialdehyde cellulose (Han et al 2010), making it possible to achieve crosslinking with multifunctional amines on lyocel fabric. Swelling was decreased by such treatment, which had utility for imparting crease resistance to clothing.…”

“…Though the highest swelling performance is often observed at the lowest levels of crosslinking (Bin et al 2000;Wach et al 2001Wach et al , 2002Liu et al 2005a;Demitri et al 2008;Han et al 2010;Pourjavadi et al 2010;Kono and Fujita 2012), it is generally observed that higher levels of crosslinking (or other reinforcement) are needed to achieve the needed mechanical resilience and resistance to dissolution of superabsorbent products (Guilherme et al 2005;Myung et al 2008;Tanaka et al 2005;Schexnailder and Schmidt 2009;Zohuriaan-Mehr et al 2010).…”