Crosslinking of vinyl ester matrix in contact with different surfaces

Dirand, X.; Hilaire, B.; Lafontaine, E.; Mortaigne, B.; Nardin, M.

doi:10.1016/0010-4361(94)90197-x

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…On the other hand, VE can be regarded as a modified form of epoxy because most VE grades are produced by a reaction of acrylic or methacrylic acid using an epoxy resin, 22 typically a bisphenol-A. 23 However, the advantage of VE over epoxy is the cost-effectiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on interfacial properties of unidirectional flax/vinyl ester composites: Resin manipulation on vinyl ester system

Huo¹,

Chevali²,

Ulven³

2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Flax fibers are widely used as reinforcements in bio-based polymer matrix composites. This study investigated the hydrophilic nature and surface purity of flax fiber that affects fiber/matrix adhesion in combination with hydrophobic structural polymers via matrix modification and the utilization of fiber treatment, specifically in a flax/vinyl ester (VE) composite. A new method to manipulate the vinyl ester system with acrylic resin (AR) was developed to produce flax reinforced. On the other hand, different types of chemical and physical treatments were applied on the flax fiber. FTIR was applied to evaluate the effects of surface treatments. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to analyze the unmodified and modified VE resin system. The surface of untreated and treated flax fibers and their composites were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Sodium ethoxide-treated flax/ VE with 1% (wt) AR caused the best mechanical performance among all the flax/VE composites evaluated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on interfacial properties of unidirectional flax/vinyl ester composites: Resin manipulation on vinyl ester system

Huo¹,

Chevali²,

Ulven³

2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Vinyl ester resins are typically formulated for resin transfer molding [8]. Vinyl ester monomers diluted with styrene are mainly used in thermoset polymer matrix composites [3,7,9]. The vinyl ester monomer forms a three-dimensional network with the styrene, when crosslinked via free radical copolymerization [10] by opening of the double bonds, C=C, leading to an addition reaction with no formation of by-products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic characterization of molecular interdiffusion at a poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/vinyl ester interface

Laot

Marand

Oyama

1999

Polymer

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Mechanical properties of (woven carbon fiber / vinyl ester matrix) composites can be greatly improved if the interphase between the reinforcing high-strength low-weight fiber and the thermoset resin is made more compliant. In order to improve the adhesion of the vinyl ester matrix to the carbon fiber, a thermoplastic coating such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) can be used as an intermediate between the matrix and the fiber. The extent of mutual diffusion at the (sizing material / polymer matrix) interphase plays a critical role in determining the mechanical properties of the composite.In this research, the molecular interdiffusion across a poly(vinyl pyrrolidone))/vinyl ester monomer (PVP/VE) interface is being investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. The ATR method which can be used to characterize the transport phenomena, offers several advantages, such as the ability to monitor the diffusion in situ or to observe chemical reactions. In order to separate the effects of the vinyl ester monomer diffusion and the crosslinking reaction, ATR experiments were carried out at temperatures below the normal curing temperature. Diffusion coefficients were determined by following variations in infrared bands as a function of time, and fitting this data to a Fickian model. The values of the diffusion coefficients calculated were consistent with values found in the literature for diffusion of small molecules in polymers. The dependence of diffusion coefficients on temperature followed the Arrhenius equation. Hydrogen bonding interactions were also characterized. The diffusion model used in this study, however, does not seem to be appropriate for the particular (PVP/VE) system.Because the glass transition temperature of the PVP changed as diffusion proceeded, one would expect that the mutual diffusion coefficient did not stay constant. In fact, it was shown that the T g can drop by 140 o C during the diffusion process. A more suitable model of the (PVP/VE) system should take into account plasticization, hydrogen bonding, and especially a concentration dependent diffusion coefficient. Further analysis is therefore needed.iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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“…Similarly, the existence of interactions between oxidized and non-oxidized graphene and VE monomer has been evidenced by molecular dynamic studies [31,32]. Furthermore, Dirand et al [33] showed that the surface chemistry of a nanoparticle favoured the polymerization of the VE monomer in the vicinity of the nanoparticle surface, leading to very thick interphases.…”

Section: Structural Characterization Of the Ve-gn Compositesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of adding different amounts of graphite nanoplatelets on structural, thermal, mechanical and viscoelastic properties of vinylester based composites cured at 25°C

et al. 2017

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Different amounts (0.1–5wt%) of graphite nanoplatelets (GNs) were added to vinylester (VE) for improving the properties of the composites cured at 25°C. The addition of 0.1wt% GN only increased the Tg and the thermal stability of the composite cured at 25°C. Furthermore, the addition of GN increased both the tensile strength and elongation‐at‐break of the composites cured at 25°C, but the effect of adding GN was less important when cured at 100°C. The improved properties of the composites were ascribed to the interactions between the oxygen species on the GN edges and the C==O and OH groups in the VE monomer, and to the higher fraction of the partially crosslinked polymer within the matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1381–E1390, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Crosslinking of vinyl ester matrix in contact with different surfaces

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Study on interfacial properties of unidirectional flax/vinyl ester composites: Resin manipulation on vinyl ester system

Study on interfacial properties of unidirectional flax/vinyl ester composites: Resin manipulation on vinyl ester system

Spectroscopic characterization of molecular interdiffusion at a poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/vinyl ester interface

Effect of adding different amounts of graphite nanoplatelets on structural, thermal, mechanical and viscoelastic properties of vinylester based composites cured at 25°C

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