Crosslinking of saphenous vein ECM by procyanidins for small diameter blood vessel replacement

Zhai, Wentao; Zhang, Hongxia; Wu, Chengtie; Zhang, Jiamin; Sun, Xiaoning; Zhang, Hongfeng; Zhu, Ziyan; Chang, Jiang

doi:10.1002/jbm.b.33102

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…By combining these types of scaffolds with seeding cells obtained from the patient (autologous stem cells or endothelial cells), the TEVG forms an xenograft that has less thrombogenicity than synthetic materials and the characteristics required to promote cell attachment, migration and proliferation. Several groups have successfully developed xenogeneic bioprosthetic valves consisting of chemically crosslinked, intact porcine aortic valves, or valves created from crosslinked bovine pericardial tissue [40–42]; however, none of these methods have achieved vascular scaffolds with diameters ≤2 mm. In this study, we selected rabbit arteria carotis as the source of ECM scaffolds as these vessels have diameters of ~ 2 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of small-diameter decellularized scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering in an animal model

Cheng

et al. 2017

BioMed Eng OnLine

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BackgroundThe development of a suitable extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold is the first step in vascular tissue engineering (VTE). Synthetic vascular grafts are available as an alternative to autologous vessels in large-diameter arteries (>8 mm) and medium-diameter arteries (6–8 mm). In small-diameter vessels (<6 mm), synthetic vascular grafts are of limited use due to poor patency rates. Compared with a vascular prosthesis, natural tissue ECM has valuable advantages. Despite considerable progress in recent years, identifying an optimal protocol to create a scaffold for use in small-diameter (<6 mm) fully natural tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVG), remains elusive. Although reports on different decellularization techniques have been numerous, combination of and comparison between these methods are scarce; therefore, we have compared five different decellularization protocols for making small-diameter (<6 mm) ECM scaffolds and evaluated their characteristics relative to those of fresh vascular controls.ResultsThe protocols differed in the choice of enzymatic digestion solvent, the use of non-ionic detergent, the durations of the individual steps, and UV crosslinking. Due to their small diameter and ready availability, rabbit arteria carotis were used as the source of the ECM scaffolds. The scaffolds were subcutaneously implanted in rats and the results were evaluated using various microscopy and immunostaining techniques.ConclusionsOur findings showed that a 2 h digestion time with 1× EDTA, replacing non-ionic detergent with double-distilled water for rinsing and the application of UV crosslinking gave rise to an ECM scaffold with the highest biocompatibility, lowest cytotoxicity and best mechanical properties for use in vivo or in situ pre-clinical research in VTE in comparison.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12938-017-0344-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of small-diameter decellularized scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering in an animal model

Cheng

et al. 2017

BioMed Eng OnLine

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“…Finally, for full clinical translational use of this approach one must consider issues related to potential toxicities of the crosslinking agent used in this study. While GLUT is utilized for preservation of implant biologic materials, such as valves, cartilage, and tendons [25,[68][69][70], there have been many studies that reported information regarding cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of using GLUT as a crosslinking agent in the literature [71][72][73][74]. Most of these studies do not discuss the in vivo responses due to the presence of biopolymer grafts crosslinked with GLUT vapor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Comparison of Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Gelatin Fibrinogen Electrospun Scaffolds to Porcine Coronary Arteries

Tamimi

Ardila

Haskett

et al. 2015

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for Americans. As coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) remains a mainstay of therapy for CVD and native vein grafts are limited by issues of supply and lifespan, an effective readily available tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) for use in CABG would provide drastic improvements in patient care. Biomechanical mismatch between vascular grafts and native vasculature has been shown to be the major cause of graft failure, and therefore, there is need for compliance-matched biocompatible TEVGs for clinical implantation. The current study investigates the biaxial mechanical characterization of acellular electrospun glutaraldehyde (GLUT) vapor-crosslinked gelatin/fibrinogen cylindrical constructs, using a custom-made microbiaxial optomechanical device (MOD). Constructs crosslinked for 2, 8, and 24 hrs are compared to mechanically characterized porcine left anterior descending coronary (LADC) artery. The mechanical response data were used for constitutive modeling using a modified Fung strain energy equation. The results showed that constructs crosslinked for 2 and 8 hrs exhibited circumferential and axial tangential moduli (ATM) similar to that of the LADC. Furthermore, the 8-hrs experimental group was the only one to compliance-match the LADC, with compliance values of 0.0006±0.00018 mm Hg-1 and 0.00071±0.00027 mm Hg-1, respectively. The results of this study show the feasibility of meeting mechanical specifications expected of native arteries through manipulating GLUT vapor crosslinking time. The comprehensive mechanical characterization of cylindrical biopolymer constructs in this study is an important first step to successfully develop a biopolymer compliance-matched TEVG.

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“…Additionally, it should be observed that the presence of active metalloproteinases may lead to the degradation of the ECM. 4 A number of chemicals that do not lead to cell removal, but are used to crosslink the collagen-rich material, are being considered, 125 the dominant ones being: glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, polyepoxy compounds and polyurethane, asylum azide, carbodiimidecompounds, hexamethylene diisocyanate, tannic acid, tartaric acid, vitamin B2-induced UVA crosslinking, and genipin 63,91,[125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132] (Table IV). As it is often described, the procedure for processing the dermis can consist of a two-step method based on enzymatic digestion of cellular elements and then cross-linked structure of the extracellular matrix with glutaraldehyde in order to mask residual cellular structures.…”

Section: Chemical Decellularization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selected Cross-Linking Agents and Their Influence on Properties of Biomaterials63,91,[125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of decellurization methods caused by an urgent need for quality control of cell‐free extracellular matrix' scaffolds and their role in regenerative medicine

et al. 2017

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The natural extracellular matrix (ECM),thanks to its specific properties (e.g., collagenous lattice, a reservoir of growth factors, ECM-cell anchoring areas, an optimal pH and CO ),ensures an optimal microenvironment for homeostatic and regenerative cell development. In the context of regenerative medicine, ECM is a lair for residual and infiltrative cells. The aim of the clinical usage of cell-free ECM scaffolds is the enhancement of tissue regeneration with possible minimization of an adverse host reaction on allogeneic or xenogeneic biomaterial. Thus, the objective of decellularization is to obtain acellular grafts characterized by optimal biological properties, such as a lack of remaining cellular elements (e.g., cell membrane phospholipids and proteins, nucleic acids, mitochondria), lack of immunogenicity, lack of calcification promotion and lack of cytotoxicity (e.g., in unrinsed detergents). Furthermore, cell-free ECM scaffolds should present the optimal mechanical and structural properties that may ensure the biocompatibility of the graft. The maintenance of the ultrastructure composition of the ECM is one of the most important goals of decellularization. All physical, chemical, and biological methods proposed (used separately or in combination to extract cells from tissues/organs) are not 100% effective in cell removal and always cause a disruption of the ECM texture, as well as a probable loss of important structure components. Although cell-free ECM scaffolds are generally classified as medical devices, there are no widely accepted or legally defined criteria for quality control/evaluation methods of obtained matrices. Such criteria must be provided. Some of them have been proposed in this manuscript. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 909-923, 2018.

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Crosslinking of saphenous vein ECM by procyanidins for small diameter blood vessel replacement

Cited by 27 publications

References 28 publications

Preparation and characterization of small-diameter decellularized scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering in an animal model

Preparation and characterization of small-diameter decellularized scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering in an animal model

Biomechanical Comparison of Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked Gelatin Fibrinogen Electrospun Scaffolds to Porcine Coronary Arteries

A review of decellurization methods caused by an urgent need for quality control of cell‐free extracellular matrix' scaffolds and their role in regenerative medicine

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