Crosslinking Dependence of Direct Current Breakdown Performance for XLPE-PS Composites at Different Temperatures

Cao, Liang; Zhong, Lisheng; Li, Yinge; Gao, Jinghui; Chen, George

doi:10.3390/polym13020219

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The lamella thickness is reduced with the increase in DCP from 7.63 nm to 7.11 nm. A similar decrease in T c , X c , and T m with an increase in DCP is observed by the author for the composite-based XLPE insulation [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In addition, the increase in DCP from XLPE-A to XLPE-C will increase the DC breakdown strength for the temperature conditions. It stated that the influence of crosslinking degree has an impact on the DC breakdown performance of the HVDC cable insulation [ 9 , 10 , 16 ]. It is clear from the microstructural and DC breakdown strength results that the increase in crosslinking degree with an increase in DCP will increase the DC breakdown performance of the cable insulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Improving the DC Dielectric Properties of XLPE with Appropriate Content of Dicumyl Peroxide for HVDC Cables Insulation

Ahmed

Zhong

et al. 2022

Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this research, crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) is developed with selective content of dicumyl peroxide (DCP), and the influence of microstructural properties and chemical composition on the mechanical and direct current (DC) dielectric properties are investigated. The measurements for the microstructural analysis are taken by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel content test and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The mechanical properties of XLPE are evaluated by hot-set test. The results of microstructural and chemical composition show that the increase in DCP content increases the crosslinking degree from 74.3% to 81.6%, reduces the crystallinity/lamella thickness from 36.8% to 35.5%/7.6–7.1 nm, reduces the average molecular weight between two crosslinks by 0.01 kg/mol and reduces the oxidation level/carbonyl index. The increase in DCP in XLPE samples decreases the permanent elongation from 2.2% to 0% and elongation rate from 300% to 80% of the cable insulation. The rise in DCP content increases the crosslinking degree due to which the DC resistivity and activation energy is increased. The DC breakdown strength at 30–90 °C is increased due to the increase in crosslinking degree and reduction in carbonyl index/oxidation level. The space charge accumulation is measured at 30 °C under 20–60 kV/mm, resulting in less homo-charges and hetero-charges with the increase in DCP. It is proven that the role of appropriate DCP content is vital in increasing the DC dielectric performance, internal material characteristics and mechanical performance of XLPE.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the DC Dielectric Properties of XLPE with Appropriate Content of Dicumyl Peroxide for HVDC Cables Insulation

Ahmed

Zhong

et al. 2022

Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, most nano‐fillers have some disadvantages, such as water absorption (hydrophilic), morphological changes, compatibility problems with the polymer matrix and aggregation/agglomeration, which are limiting their overall performance. [ 174–176 ]…”

Section: Manufacturing and Applications Of Xlpe And R‐xlpe Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most nano-fillers have some disadvantages, such as water absorption (hydrophilic), morphological changes, compatibility problems with the polymer matrix and aggregation/ agglomeration, which are limiting their overall performance. [174][175][176] The consolidation of virgin XHDPE and recycled XHDPE was compared by Santos et al [177] using compression molding. It was found that due to the higher viscosity of recycled XHDPE, it required higher consolidation pressure than that of virgin XHDPE (above 1.6 MPa), but the properties were found to be similar to virgin XHDPE.…”

Section: Manufacturing and Applications Of Xlpe And R-xlpe Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosslinked polyethylene: A review on the crosslinking techniques, manufacturing methods, applications, and recycling

Ahmad

Rodrigue

2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the most used resins in the plastics industry is polyethylene (PE).Although PE has good impact resistance and ductility, its low maximum use temperature and mechanical strength limit some commercial development, especially for load-bearing applications. To get better overall performances, crosslinking is performed to improve the chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of PE. Although PE can be crosslinked by using various chemical and physical methods, this makes the resulting polymers more difficult to recycle since a three-dimensional (3D) network is created. In this review, we first describe the different crosslinking techniques for PE to manufacture crosslinked PE (XLPE) parts. Then, as more than half of the XLPE-based products are disposed directly after use, we present several options to reuse and recycle these products to overcome this environmental issue and find a sustainable solution. A focus is made on mechanical recycling and de-crosslinking techniques for XLPE to generate recycled-XLPE (r-XLPE). Finally, a conclusion is presented on the current situation and research gaps that must be filled by future works.

show abstract

“…The conductor screen is insulated by a thick layer of XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene). The XLPE insulation is mostly recommended for usage in submarine cables as they perform well in both high and low temperatures [ 20 ]. At high temperature, the elastic modulus of XLPE decreases while the thermal expansion increases.…”

Section: Geometric Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concept of Placement of Fiber-Optic Sensor in Smart Energy Transport Cable under Tensile Loading

Drissi‐Habti

Abhijit

Manepalli

et al. 2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the exponential growth in offshore renewable energies and structures such as floating offshore wind turbines and wave power converters, the research and engineering in this field is experiencing exceptional development. This emergence of offshore renewable energy requires power cables which are usually made up of copper to transport this energy ashore. These power cables are critical structures that must withstand harsh environmental conditions, handling, and shipping, at high seas which can cause copper wires to deform well above the limit of proportionality and consequently break. Copper, being an excellent electric conductor, has, however, very weak mechanical properties. If plasticity propagates inside copper not only will the mechanical properties be affected, but the electrical properties are also disrupted. Constantly monitoring such large-scale structures can be carried out by providing continuous strain using fiber-optic sensors (FOSs). The embedding of optical fibers within the cables (not within the phase) is practiced. Nevertheless, these optical fibers are first introduced into a cylinder of larger diameter than the optical fiber before this same fiber is embedded within the insulator surrounding the phases. Therefore, this type of embedding can in no way give a precise idea of the true deformation of the copper wires inside the phase. In this article, a set of numerical simulations are carried-out on a single phase (we are not yet working on the whole cable) with the aim of conceptualizing the placement of FOSs that will monitor strain and temperature within the conductor. It is well known that copper wire must never exceed temperatures above 90 °C, as this will result in shutdown of the whole system and therefore result in heavy maintenance, which would be a real catastrophe, economically speaking. This research explores the option of embedding sensors in several areas of the phase and how this can enable obtaining strain values that are representative of what really is happening in the conductor. It is, therefore, the primary objective of the current preliminary model to try to prove that the principle of embedding sensors in between copper wires can be envisaged, in particular to obtain an accurate idea about strain tensor of helical ones (multi-parameter strain sensing). The challenge is to ensure that they are not plastically deformed and hence able to transport electricity without exceeding or even becoming closer to 90 °C (fear of shutdown). The research solely focuses on mechanical aspects of the sensors. There are certainly some others, pertaining to sensors physics, instrumentation, and engineering, that are of prime importance, too. The upstream strategy of this research is to come up with a general concept that can be refined later by including, step by step, all the aspects listed above.

show abstract

Crosslinking Dependence of Direct Current Breakdown Performance for XLPE-PS Composites at Different Temperatures

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Improving the DC Dielectric Properties of XLPE with Appropriate Content of Dicumyl Peroxide for HVDC Cables Insulation

Improving the DC Dielectric Properties of XLPE with Appropriate Content of Dicumyl Peroxide for HVDC Cables Insulation

Crosslinked polyethylene: A review on the crosslinking techniques, manufacturing methods, applications, and recycling

Concept of Placement of Fiber-Optic Sensor in Smart Energy Transport Cable under Tensile Loading

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About