Crosslinking and thermal stability of thermosets based on novolak and melamine

Dante, Roberto C.; Santamaria, Diego A.; Gil, Jesús Martín

doi:10.1002/app.31114

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Spectra of CNTCOOH and CNTFA exhibit a peak at about 26°corresponding to the graphite (002) reflection [37,38]. In the case of CNTFA/novolac composites, the amorphous peak at around 19.4°is a characteristic of phenolic resin [39]. According to the fact that there is not any peak other than CNTFA and amorphous novolac in the XRD patterns of RCNTFA2, RCNTFA4, and RCNTFA6, it can be concluded that CNTFA is dispersed homogeneously in the novolac matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Functionalization of carbon nanotubes by furfuryl alcohol moieties for preparation of novolac phenolic resin composites with high carbon yield values

2015

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Carbon nanotube (CNT) was oxidized to obtain CNTCOOH. Then, furfuryl alcohol (FA) moieties were grafted to convex surface and end caps of CNTCOOH by an esterification reaction to yield CNTFA. CNTFA in three different contents was added into novolac resin matrix to improve its carbon yield value and thermal properties. Results from Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopies in addition to thermogravimetric analysis showed that CNT was successfully oxidized and modified with FA moieites. Morphological study and dispersion of nanotubes in the novolac resin matrix were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopies and X-ray diffraction. FA graft content in CNTFA is calculated to be 8.2 %. Also, char value of the novolac resin was increased by 7.1 % by the addition of only 6 wt% of CNTFA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Functionalization of carbon nanotubes by furfuryl alcohol moieties for preparation of novolac phenolic resin composites with high carbon yield values

2015

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“…Phenolic resins are preferred for aircraft interiors due to the extraordinary fire, smoke, and toxicity characteristics. Due to their excellent ablative properties, they are also used to manufacture carbon–carbon composites, rocket nozzles and heat shields . However, the major shortcoming is the evolution of volatiles during high temperature curing, which necessitates application of expensive processing equipment like autoclave, hydroclave, or hot press .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties and curing behavior of reactive blended allyl novolak with bismaleimide using dicumyl peroxide as a novel curing agent

Jiang

Wang

Farhan

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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For reducing the cure temperature and improving the thermal stability and mechanical properties, a thermosetting resin system composed of novolak and bismaleimide (BMI) was developed by reactive blending and using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a novel curing agent. Novolak was allylated and reacted with BMI to produce bismaleimide allylated novolak (BAN), and the effect of DCP on flexural, impact and heat distortion temperature of cured resin were investigated. On the basis of improved mechanical and thermal properties at 0.5% DCP contents, the curing behavior of DCP/BAN resin system was evaluated by DSC analysis. Ene, Diels-Alder, homo-polymerization and alternating copolymerization which occurred in DCP/BAN resin system were further verified using FTIR at sequential cure conditions from 140 to 200 C. Kissinger and Ozawa-Flynn-wall methods were used to optimize the process and curing reactions of DCP/BAN resin system. The results showed that the addition of 0.5% DCP in BAN reduced the curing temperature and time of the modified resin. For evaluating process ability of the modified system, composite samples using polyvinyl acetyl fiber were molded and tested for flexural properties. The resulting samples showed better flexural properties when compared with the composite made with neat BAN. The modified 0.5% DCP/BAN resin system with good mechanical properties and manufacturability can be used for making bulk molding compounds and fiber reinforced composites required in various commercial and aerospace applications.

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“…According to the results, narrow and sharp diffraction peaks of CNTCOOH and CNTFA appeared at 26.18 and 44.28 indicating graphite (002) and (101) reflections [34][35][36]. In the spectra of CENR and CENC2, the broad amorphous diffraction peak of phenolic resins was appeared around 208 [37]. Additionally, characteristic peaks of CNTFA were not observed in the spectrum of CENC2 which may be due to the uniform dispersion of CNTFA in the ENR matrix [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Furfuryl Alcohol‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotube and Epoxidized Novolac Resin Composites with High Char Yield

et al. 2018

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Epoxidized novolac resin (ENR) composites with high thermal stability and char residue were prepared by incorporation of furfuryl alcohol‐modified carbon nanotubes (CNTFA). Modification of oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with furfuryl alcohol resulted in their improved dispersion in the resin matrix. After curing of ENR in the presence of CNTFA with ethylenediamine, thermally stable composites were obtained. Successful modification of CNTs with furfuryl alcohol was confirmed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA results showed that degradation temperature and char residue of cured ENR were considerably increased by incorporation of CNTFA. CNTFA reached to char residue of 91.5% at 600°C, which shows that about 3.3 wt% of CNTFA is composed of furfuryl alcohol. Addition of 2 and 4 wt% of CNTFA into the ENR matrix results in increase of char content from 44.7% for to 45.4 and 49.4%, respectively. X‐ray diffraction showed that CNTFA was uniquely dispersed in the ENR matrix. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed tubular and entangled structure of CNTFA. Finally, these results show that this approach can be considered in production of thermal‐resistant composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1231–E1236, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Crosslinking and thermal stability of thermosets based on novolak and melamine

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Functionalization of carbon nanotubes by furfuryl alcohol moieties for preparation of novolac phenolic resin composites with high carbon yield values

Functionalization of carbon nanotubes by furfuryl alcohol moieties for preparation of novolac phenolic resin composites with high carbon yield values

Properties and curing behavior of reactive blended allyl novolak with bismaleimide using dicumyl peroxide as a novel curing agent

Preparation of Furfuryl Alcohol‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotube and Epoxidized Novolac Resin Composites with High Char Yield

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