Crosslinked poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) with a macromolecular crosslinker for anion exchange membrane fuel cells

Lu, Wenxian; Shao, Zhigang; Zhang, Geng; Zhao, Yun; Yi, Baolian

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.141

Cited by 94 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The first weight loss of PVA films at 220.4 6 1.7 C resulted from the condensation of hydroxyl groups and the second weight loss starting at 492.4 6 2.0 C was due to the rupture of the main chains. 37 The first weight loss temperatures of (P/L) 20 , [(P/L) 2 HAPI] 8 and [(P/L) 1 HAPI] 13 LBL films were 249.2 6 2.1 C, 245.0 6 0.9 C and 246.6 6 1.2 C, respectively. Higher degradation temperature of the LBL films compared with pure PVA films was mainly due to the thermal barrier effect of Laponite.…”

Section: Mechanical and Thermal Properties Of The Lbl Assembly Filmsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Preparation and characterization of covalently bonded PVA/Laponite/HAPI nanocomposite multilayer freestanding films by layer‐by‐layer assembly

Ren

Guo

et al. 2015

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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The layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technique is an attractive method to make functional multilayer thin films and has been applied to fabricate a wide range of materials. LBL materials could improve optical transmittance and mechanical properties if the film components were covalently bonded. Covalently bonded nanocomposite multilayer films were prepared by employing hydrophilic aliphatic polyisocyanate (HAPI) as the reactive component, to react with Laponite and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). FT-IR spectra suggested that HAPI reacted with Laponite and PVA at ambient temperature rapidly. Ellipsometry measurement showed that the film thickness was in linear growth. The influences of HAPI on the optical, mechanical and thermal properties of the films were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, tensile stress measurement, DSC and TGA. The obtained results showed that the optical transmittance and mechanical strength were enhanced when the film components were covalently bonded by HAPI. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 00, 000-000 KEYWORDS: covalently bonded; layer-by-layer; nanocomposites; self-assembly; thin films INTRODUCTION The layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technique is an attractive method to make functional multilayer thin films and has been applied in the fabrication of nanodevice, drug release, and biomimetic materials.1-4 LBL multilayer films are more versatile in many aspects than bulk materials because they have more precisely controlled composition and structure at nanoscale dimensions. 5 Many researchers have investigated freestanding LBL films.6-8 However, the LBL ultrathin film breaks or decomposes easily during the application, which is one of the main shortages that hampers the application of the materials.9 Covalent assembly is an effective strategy for improving the physical or chemical properties of the LBL films.10-12 Another approach is achieved by introducing inorganic materials such as Laponite, montmorillonite and carbon nanotube into the LBL multilayer films. [13][14][15][16] Researchers have employed hydrogen bond, dipolar bond, or electrostatic attraction between polymer and inorganic particles to fabricate nanocomposite LBL multilayer films. 17,18 This type of physical interaction, however, often leads to unstable multilayer films in strong acid, strong alkali or high humidity conditions.

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Section: Mechanical and Thermal Properties Of The Lbl Assembly Filmsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Preparation and characterization of covalently bonded PVA/Laponite/HAPI nanocomposite multilayer freestanding films by layer‐by‐layer assembly

Ren

Guo

et al. 2015

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…In this work, gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) fabricated by commercially available gas diffusion layer, Pt/C catalysts and AS-4 ionomer were adopted in the single cell testing. The detailed preparation procedures of GDE and membrane electrode assembly (MEA), as well as the performing conditions of the fuel cell, can be obtained in our previous work [29].…”

Section: Single Fuel Cell Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this AEM, crosslinking was formed between two polymers via the reaction of chloromethyl groups of PVBC with benzimidazole groups of PBI, thus the interaction between the two different components was strong and the component separation was avoided, producing a uniform distribution of ionic conductive groups in the AEM [29]. Moreover, thanks to the crosslinking with PBI, excess swelling of AEM by water was suppressed, and the mechanical properties of PVBC were improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybenzimidazole-crosslinked poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) with quaternary 1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane groups as high-performance anion exchange membrane for fuel cells

Zhang

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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“…56,57 The ether group in the cross-linker has usually two typical bands; one is strong band due to asymmetrical stretching (∼1125 cm −1 ), while the other is weak symmetric band (∼850 cm −1 ). Our FTIR investigation revealed only the strong asymmetric band that is located at 1125 cm −1 (Figure 1b).…”

Section: Atr-ftir-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Chemical Stability of Anion Exchange Membranes Cross-Linked with Polar Electron-Donating Linkers

Amel

Smedley

Dekel

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The effect of the cross-linker chemical structure on the properties and chemical stability of anion exchange membrane is the focus of this study. Two different cross-linkers were investigated, one with linear hexyl chain between crosslinking sites, and the other, ether in the center of the alkyl linker. These two cross-linkers have a fundamental difference in their polarity and hydrophilicity. The ether-containing cross-linker is more polar and therefore will improve membrane's water uptake and conductivity. Swelling and conductivity measurements were performed at various temperatures for both types of samples. While water uptake and conductivity were found to be higher for the ether-based cross-linker, degradation measurements indicated that the membrane that is cross-linked with electron-rich linker degraded in hydroxide faster than the alkyl linker at temperature of 60 • Fuel cell technology has been recognized as a promising clean energy conversion technology in next-generation energy systems. Fuel cells have been undergoing revolutionary developments in the last few decades. [1][2][3] Among the different types of fuel cell systems, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are the most investigated and developed for low-temperature operation in portable and automotive environments. 4,5 Although there has been great progress in improving the performance and lifetime of PEMFCs and large-scale commercial applications are on the horizon, the largest barriers to wide-spread fuel cell technology are materials availability and cost. Among the limitations of PEMFCs, the dependence on noble metal catalysts is a critical concern. For example, the use of Nafion, the state of the art acidic membrane, generally allows only platinum group metals to be used as stable catalysts for long-term use, thus considerably increasing the cost of PEMFC technology. To overcome the requirement of precious metal catalysts, anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) technology has begun to attract recent attention. This new effort focused on AEMFCs is due to several potential advantages that anion exchange membranes hold over their acidic membrane counterparts. In AEMFCs, oxygen reduction kinetics is improved in the high pH environment of the membrane and the use of non-precious metals as electrocatalysts greatly reduces the cost of fuel cell devices.6-8 A highlyconductive, chemically robust anion exchange membrane (AEM) is a crucial component of the fuel cell as it acts as a barrier between the fuel and oxidant streams while simultaneously transporting anions from the cathode to the anode. and imidazoilum 36-38 groups. It is known that the quaternary ammonium moiety is susceptible to hydroxide attack, resulting in degradation of alkaline membrane at elevated temperature under alkaline conditions, but clear pathways for degradation of polymer backbones and other functional groups of AEMs including non-ammonium cations has not been extensively pursued. In general, the degradation pathways for the tetra-alkyl quaternary ammonium cations...

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Crosslinked poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) with a macromolecular crosslinker for anion exchange membrane fuel cells

Cited by 94 publications

References 41 publications

Preparation and characterization of covalently bonded PVA/Laponite/HAPI nanocomposite multilayer freestanding films by layer‐by‐layer assembly

Preparation and characterization of covalently bonded PVA/Laponite/HAPI nanocomposite multilayer freestanding films by layer‐by‐layer assembly

Polybenzimidazole-crosslinked poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) with quaternary 1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane groups as high-performance anion exchange membrane for fuel cells

Characterization and Chemical Stability of Anion Exchange Membranes Cross-Linked with Polar Electron-Donating Linkers

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