Crossed responses found in human trapezius muscles are not H‐reflexes

Abstract

We found ipsilateral and contralateral responses consistent with previous findings. However, we conclude that the contralateral response in trapezius is not a crossed reflex.

Ipsilateral resistance exercise prevents exercise-induced central sensitization in the contralateral limb: a randomized controlled trial

“…A similar synaptic organization has been reported in wrist extensor and flexor muscles after stimulation of the contralateral afferents leading to H-reflex conditioning in humans (Delwaide and Pepin 1991) even though this has not been seen for the trapezius muscle (Vangsgaard et al 2014). It seems therefore likely that interneurons can contribute to the cross-transfer effects in humans as well.…”

Quantitative Anatomy of the Trapezius Muscle in the Human Fetus

“…The crucial function of the upper trapezius is to stabilize the head-neck complex via gait [6,12]. Apart from this, it is considered to be the major suspensory muscle of the shoulder [13]. Like the sternocleidomastoid, the trapezius is a derivative of both the branchial mesoderm and adjacent myotomes that originate in the occipital region and expand as a thick common anlage.…”

Changes in H reflex and neuromechanical properties of the trapezius muscle after 5 weeks of eccentric training: a randomized controlled trial

“…With the use of a desired statistical power of 90%, the estimated minimum sample size was nine subjects per group (G*Power 3.1.3; Kiel University, Kiel, Germany). To account for expected dropouts or inability to measure the H reflex (44,45), 15 All statistical calculations were performed in SPSS version 20.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results are reported as mean [95% confidence interval (CI)].…”

“…EMG was recorded from the middle section of the trapezius muscle on the right side via a pair of pregelled surface electrodes (20-mm interelectrode distance; Ambu Neuroline 7200k, Ballerup, Denmark) placed on shaved abraded ethanol-cleaned skin (44). EMGs were analog band-pass filtered (16 -1,000 Hz; 2nd order Butterworth filter) and amplified 1,000 times (CED 1902, quad-system; Cambridge Electronic Devices, Cambridge, UK).…”

“…Interestingly, its motor and sensory innervation is separated into the accessory nerve and the C3/4 cervical nerves, respectively (37). Thus it is possible to evoke Hoffman (H) reflexes in the trapezius muscle with minimal influence of M waves (5,44,45). In other muscles, like the soleus muscle, stimulation of a mixed nerve causes the amplitude of the H reflex to increase with stimulation intensity until a number of motor axons are also activated.…”