Summarystandard serum for the measurements of the concentration of a,-Protease inhibitors (inhibiting trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase) were demonstrated in human milk from birth to 4 months after delivery. No pepsin inhibitor was found. The protease inhibitors were localized in the al-region-inhibiting trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase-and in a more cathodal region-inhibiting chymotrypsin-in agarose gel electrophoresis of human milk. alantitrypsin and antichymotrypsin were demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Electroimmunoassay showed the concentration of a,-antitrypsin in 1st day milk to be 109% and the concentration of antichymotrypsin was 116% of that of adult serum. The concentrations d&;eased during the 1st wk; from 1 wk to 4 months they were 1.6% for a,-antitrypsin and 3.84% for antichymotrypsin of those of adult serum. One ml of human milk from the first 3 days inhibits, by enzymatic methods, 0-150 pg (mean value, 70 pg) trypsin. Milk from 1 week after delivery and later inhibits 0-65 pg (mean value, 38 pg) trypsin per ml.