Crossed Amorphous and Crystalline Chain Orientation in Polythene Film

Holmes, David R.; Miller, R. C.; Palmer, R. P.; Bunn, C. W.

doi:10.1038/1711104b0

Cited by 59 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…He pointed out that very careful analysis would be required to distinguish between the two types of behaviour, and that a reasonable degree of orientation would be a prerequisite. This led Holmes and Palmer8 to reexamine and extend the work of Holmes et al 5 Working with films from low-density polyethylene they concluded that the precise type of orientation obtained is a function of the blowing conditions, although they did not attempt a detailed correlation. In general, it is intermediate in character between a axis and row orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

X‐ray diffraction orientation studies on blown polyethylene films. I. Preliminary measurements

Maddams

Preedy

1978

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisX-Ray diffraction pole figure measurements have been made on six films blown from high-density polyethylene. Five were prepared on an experimental unit; the sixth, blown on commercial equipment, had a higher degree of overall orientation thus enabling more extensive results for the a-, b-, and c-axis distributions to he obtained. The results provide information on the orientation present, how it may be related to the stress crystallization process of Keller and Machin, and the dependence of the tear strengths in the machine and transverse directions on the orientation. The typical hehavior, with the a and c axes a t 90" and both a t an angle to the plane of the film, is shown to be the result of a composite process involving several types of stress during the blowing operation and a partial relaxation arising a t one or possibly two stages of the process. The predicted relative tear strengths, obtained from the concentration of c axes inclined towards the machine direction, are in line with the experimental values. There is some evidence that transcrystallization in the surface layers of the films may lead to a better balance of the tear strengths in the machine and transverse directions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

X‐ray diffraction orientation studies on blown polyethylene films. I. Preliminary measurements

Maddams

Preedy

1978

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The exact degree of crystallinity and the orientation of the crystalline phase are controlled by the processing conditions, in particular by the conditions of drawing the film in transversal and/or longitudinal directions. In an early work, Holmes et al [11] observed a uniaxial orientation of crystals in blown films of PE-LD, with the a-axis of the orthorhombic unit cell oriented parallel to MD, if the ratio k MD /k TD is low. This observation is in agreement with results obtained by Keller and Machin [12], who also observed a uniaxial orientation of the a-axis parallel to MD at low ratio of drawing in MD and TD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The super-molecular structure, including the crystallinity, and the morphology and orientation of the crystals of blown films of polyethylene (PE) have been extensively studied [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Typically, blown films of PE are semicrystalline with a maximum degree of crystallinity, which depends on the molecular architecture/branching-characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of blown films of polyethylene/polybutene‐1 blends

Nase¹,

Funari²,

Michler³

et al. 2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The structure of blown films of blends of low-density polyethylene (PE-LD) and isotactic polybutene-1 (iPB-1) with different content of iPB-1 was investigated using wide-and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). TEM proves formation of a matrix-particle phase structure due to immiscibility of the blend components. Within the iPB-1 particles, needle-like crystals with c-axis orientation were observed. The PE-LD matrix showed two populations of crystals. WAXS data indicate that the majority of crystals were oriented with the c-axis perpendicular to machine direction (MD), while SAXS data prove additional presence of stacks of lamellae, oriented parallel to MD. Quantitative birefringence measurements showed that the majority of molecule segments were oriented in the direction of the circumference of the film, confirming the WAXS data. The crystal orientation has direct impact on mechanical properties, which was demonstrated by measurement of the anisotropy of the modulus of elasticity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:249-256, 2010.

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“…It appears to us that the effect described by Rugg et aZ.3 is due to structure ( I ) , and that reported by Holmes et aL2, in a commercial polythene, to structure (2). We have studied (2) in samples prepared by us in greater detail in a way to be described later, and have also found reasonable quantitative agreement between the measured dichroic ratios and their calculated values.…”

Section: Letter To the Editorsmentioning

confidence: 89%

A note on the interpretation of the infrared absorption band near 725 cm.⁻¹ in polyethylene and its consequences

Keller¹,

Sandeman²

1954

J. Polym. Sci.

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Crossed Amorphous and Crystalline Chain Orientation in Polythene Film

Cited by 59 publications

References 7 publications

X‐ray diffraction orientation studies on blown polyethylene films. I. Preliminary measurements

X‐ray diffraction orientation studies on blown polyethylene films. I. Preliminary measurements

Structure of blown films of polyethylene/polybutene‐1 blends

A note on the interpretation of the infrared absorption band near 725 cm.⁻¹ in polyethylene and its consequences

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Crossed Amorphous and Crystalline Chain Orientation in Polythene Film

Cited by 59 publications

References 7 publications

X‐ray diffraction orientation studies on blown polyethylene films. I. Preliminary measurements

X‐ray diffraction orientation studies on blown polyethylene films. I. Preliminary measurements

Structure of blown films of polyethylene/polybutene‐1 blends

A note on the interpretation of the infrared absorption band near 725 cm.−1 in polyethylene and its consequences

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A note on the interpretation of the infrared absorption band near 725 cm.⁻¹ in polyethylene and its consequences