Crossdating of disturbances by tree uprooting: Can treethrow microtopography persist for 6000 years?

Šamonil, Pavel; Schaetzl, Randall J.; Valtera, Martin; Goliáš, Viktor; Baldrián, Petr; Vašíčková, Ivana; Adam, Dušan; Janík, David; Hort, Libor

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.045

Cited by 71 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Concerning the decay rates of pit‐and‐mound microtopography, dendrochronology and radiometric dating techniques have indicated that these landforms may persist for 200–500 years in natural forests (Schaetzl and Follmer, ; Šamonil et al , ), and even 1700–5000 years in exceptional circumstances (Šamonil et al , ). In contrast, clearance practices within managed forests following catastrophic wind fall events, often involving heavy machinery, are expected to markedly increase rates of topographic decay.…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our data of root plate degradation rates suggest that mounds first require a few tens of years to form, then providing suitable ground and soil conditions for tree seed germination. Šamonil et al () found variability in treethrow mound longevity with respect to soil type; in Central Europe the lifespan of such microtopography on Haplic Cambisols does not exceed 220 years, but can be considerably longer on Podzols, reaching more than 1700 years. Most of our study sites are on Cambisols, and even if the actual lifespan of treethrow mounds are one order of magnitude longer ( c .…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local‐ and regional‐scale biomorphodynamics due to tree uprooting in semi‐natural and managed montane forests of the Sudetes Mountains, Central Europe

Pawlik

Migoń

Szymanowski

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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In this work, direct and indirect geomorphic consequences of wind-related tree uprooting are examined, using an extensive dataset from the mountain range of the Sudetes, Poland. The role of local conditions in influencing the geomorphic efficacy of tree uprooting is examined, as well as issues of upscaling individual observations from experimental sites. This problem is approached at a range of spatial and observational scales, from monitoring of root plate degradation over time through to examination of wind effects at a slope scale and region-wide analysis. In our study area the mean root plate volume is between 0.4 and 4.2 m 3 for spruce and 2.4 m 3 for beech, and their degradation may last tens of years. The density of relict pit-and-mound microtopography varies from 2.7 up to 40 pairs per hectare and the maximum coverage of terrain is 4.7%. The volume of treethrow mounds varies from 0.5 to 3.1 m 3 and mounds seem to outlive the pits formed in the same episode of disturbance. However, in specific lithological and topographic conditions, pit-and-mound topography does not form. The maximum biogenic transport attributable to a single windstorm event is c. 80 m 3 ha À1 , while soil turnover times are calculated in the order of 1000-10 000 years. Rock fragment 'mining' is an important biogeomorphic process, both in terms of impact on hillslope surfaces and on soil properties. Gravel armours and small-scale stepped topography may form instead of typical pit-mound associations in specific circumstances. Managed forests appear more prone to wind damage and associated geomorphic consequences. In the Sudetes Mountains, the variable role of tree uprooting in local and regional hillslope denudation is governed by forest stand structure, topography and regolith properties, with the former significantly influenced by human activity.

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Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local‐ and regional‐scale biomorphodynamics due to tree uprooting in semi‐natural and managed montane forests of the Sudetes Mountains, Central Europe

Pawlik

Migoń

Szymanowski

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…For sample selection the following criteria were chosen: (i) the decaying wood of the three main species (beech, fir and spruce) was evaluated; (ii) logs located close cored trees (relevant to dendrochronological evaluation of forest disturbance history, [23,24]; (iii) only those downed logs that fell to the ground as living trees were chosen (i.e. excluding standing deadwood).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positive responses in radial growth ≥ 20 % of boundary line were considered to be release [23,24]; and the time since the year of release was assumed to be the TSD of the downed nearby log; (iii) Notes about downed logs that fell in winter 2007 were recorded in the 2008 census; (iv) The TSD of logs fallen before 1975 was derived from dendrochronologically dated logs fallen in this period with the help of their decay stage in the 1975 census (a TSD of 50 years for "hard", 60 years for "touchwood" and 75 years for "disintegrated")…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deadwood Density and Moisture Variation in a Natural Temperate Spruce-Fir-Beech Forest

Přívětivý¹,

Baldrián²,

Šamonil³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Deadwood represents a source of nutrients, carbon and water for metabolism within forest ecosystem. Nutrients are mobilized due to the decomposition of wood, which is a long-term process that can be best studied by analysing environmental data on a temporary scale. Our study provides physico-temporal data on the downed logs of three major tree species in European temperate forests: Abies alba Mill., Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. Time since death was obtained using tree censuses (repeated for 40 years) and dendrochronology for each single downed log, the oldest being 75 years old. Standard laboratory methods were used for the determination of wood density and moisture changes. F. sylvatica was decomposed rapidly in the initial phase -mass loss was 50% during the 5 years after death, while A. alba and P. abies lost 13% and 16%, respectively. Downed logs of F. sylvatica contained 391 kg of water per m 3 , while these of P. abies 279 kg. A logtransformed linear model was created that shows the dependence of time since death on mass loss. According to the model, F. sylvatica had the shortest total decomposition time (39 years), followed by A. alba (58 years) and P. abies (86 years).

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“…However, uprooting by wind is significant over long time scales in many forest environments. The estimated turnover time for canopy destruction (the mean time period in which an area equivalent to the entire canopy would be destroyed by uprooting) varies over at least an order of magnitude (about 100 to 2500 years) in various studies in North America, Europe, Asia, and New Zealand (e.g., Šamonil et al, 2013;Schaetzl et al, 1989;Ulanova, 2000;Vasenev and Targul'yan, 1995). This suggests the need to couple measurements of pedologic and topographic effects of treethrow with consideration of the climatology of blowdown events.…”

Section: Turnover Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphological impacts of a tornado disturbance in a subtropical forest

Phillips

Marion

Yocum

et al. 2015

CATENA

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Crossdating of disturbances by tree uprooting: Can treethrow microtopography persist for 6000 years?

Cited by 71 publications

References 66 publications

Local‐ and regional‐scale biomorphodynamics due to tree uprooting in semi‐natural and managed montane forests of the Sudetes Mountains, Central Europe

Local‐ and regional‐scale biomorphodynamics due to tree uprooting in semi‐natural and managed montane forests of the Sudetes Mountains, Central Europe

Deadwood Density and Moisture Variation in a Natural Temperate Spruce-Fir-Beech Forest

Geomorphological impacts of a tornado disturbance in a subtropical forest

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