Crosscultural Inquiry Into the Symptomatology of Depression

Murphy, H. B. M.; Wittkower, E. D.; Chance, Norman A.

doi:10.1177/136346156400100101

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Depressive ideas and delusions are limited to a very few themes: guilt, hypochondria, impoverishment [2][3][4][5] and nihilistic and persecutory ideas [6,7]. Whereas ideas of guilt seem to be frequent in Europe and Northern America, they were almost totally denied by authors like Murphy et al [8] for Eastern cultures. In large areas of Africa as well, no feelings of guilt were found [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guilt and Depression: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study

Stompe¹,

Ortwein-Swoboda²,

Chaudhry³

et al. 2001

Psychopathology

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Although nearly a century has passed since Kraepelin’s investigations in Java [Cbl Nervenheilk Psychiatr 1904; 27:468–469], one crucial question regarding guilt in the course of depression has still not been decided: Is there a more or less stable connection independent of culture, or is guilt confined to certain civilisations? This study investigated this issue in 100 Pakistani and 100 Austrian out-patients diagnosed with ‘major depression’ according to DSM-IV by means of standardised instruments (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Life Time Version, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, 21-item version). The experiences of guilt were subdivided into ethical feelings (ethical anxiety and feelings of guilt) and delusions of guilt. It turned out that ethical feelings could be found in both cultures regardless of age and sex. They seem to be primarily related to the extent of depressive retardation. However, the distribution of the two subsets of ethical feelings was culture dependent. Delusions of guilt were confined to patients of the Austrian sample. So, our data qualify the exclusivity of the aforementioned two points of view and support the need for a psychopathologically differentiated approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guilt and Depression: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study

Stompe¹,

Ortwein-Swoboda²,

Chaudhry³

et al. 2001

Psychopathology

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“…Murphy et al (1967) reported that psychiatrists in 30 countries found varying prevalence of depressive symptoms such as identified fatigue, loss of appetite, loss of sexual interest, weight loss and self-accusatory ideas. The symptoms listed are largely biological.…”

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confidence: 99%

Depression in migrants and ethnic minorities

Bhugra¹,

Ayonrinde²

2004

Adv. psychiatr. treat

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Migration and its associated processes can produce considerable stress on those who are migrating as well as on those around them. Depression should be a common sequel of the process, but is not consistently found to be so. This paper reviews the literature and suggests that various vulnerability factors, including culture shock and changed cultural identity, can play a role in the genesis of depression. Clinicians must be aware of patterns of migration and resilience factors in order to plan any intervention strategies. Stresses due to political and economic factors will have differing influences on the mental state of individuals. One possible contribution may be a discrepancy between aspiration and achievement, which can result in poor self-esteem, leading to depression.

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“…The initial clinical rating was done with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (28); the Depressive Scale of the MMPI; and the Rorschach Test; and weekly thereafter by the Hamilton Scale only. All four were suffering from a psychotic depressive illness (44,42), two were male, two were female with a mean age of 59 years. The subjects were in good physical health and all suitable for E.C.T.…”

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confidence: 99%