Crossbar Toll Switching System

Abraham, L.; Busch, A. J.; Shipley, F. F.

doi:10.1109/t-aiee.1944.5058940

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 1 publication

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“…A trial installation of this new toll switching system, commonly referred to as the Number 4 toll crossbar system, was made at Philadelphia in the latter part of 1943 and is described in a paper by Abraham, Busch, and Shipley. 18 Number 4 toll crossbar installations similar to that at Philadelphia were completed in 1948 at New York and Chicago, and will be completed this year at Cleveland, Boston, and Oakland, the latter being the first such installation on the Pacific Coast. They will be followed in later years by many similar installations including the more important Pacific Coast centers, Los Angeles, Fresno, Sacramento, Portland, and Seattle.…”

Section: -1948-sacramento Step-by-step Intertoll System Was Instamentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Pacific coast telephone network

Cone¹,

Fowler²

1949

Electr. Eng.

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Section: -1948-sacramento Step-by-step Intertoll System Was Instamentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Pacific coast telephone network

Cone¹,

Fowler²

1949

Electr. Eng.

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Automatic Switching for Nationwide Telephone Service

Clark¹,

Osborne²

1952

Bell System Technical Journal

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A plan for automatic long distance switching, which will ultimately embrace the entire area of the United States and extend into Canada and perhaps Mexico, has been formulated and important steps have been taken toward its realization. The plan contemplates that when a telephone customer places a call with a long distance operator, this operator will be able to establish a connection to any desired telephone simply by playing a 10 or 11 digit code into an automatic mechanism. She will receive distinctive signals when the called telephone answers or when the telephone or the toll circuits are busy. She will completely control the establishment of the connection and will have available to her the information necessary for proper billing of the call. The plan also contemplates that telephone customers will ultimately be able to dial long distance calls themselves, wherever may be the locations of the calling and called telephones.

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Automatic Toll Switching Systems

Shipley¹

1952

Bell System Technical Journal

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A new automatic toll switching system has been developed by the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use at the most important switching centers for implementing the nationwide dialing program. The job of performing the switching functions at such points is the most comprehensive ever performed by any system, requiring a high order of mechanical intelligence. The new switching system uses crossbar switches for the talking connections and fully exploits the common control principle whereby the equipment used for directing the establishment of connections through the switches is provided in pools common to the office and is used with high efficiency. To perform the complicated, translating functions a new device called the card translator has been developed. It uses punched metal cards and an optical system with phototransistors. Routing changes are made by insertion of previously prepared cards in the machine. The switching system was designed with the objective of handling long distance traffic dialed by customers as well as that dialed by operators.

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Crossbar Toll Switching System

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Expanding the Pacific coast telephone network

Expanding the Pacific coast telephone network

Automatic Switching for Nationwide Telephone Service

Automatic Toll Switching Systems

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