Cross-wind effects on road and rail vehicles

Baker, Chris; Cheli, Federico; Orellano, Alexander; Paradot, Nicolas; Proppe, Carsten; Rocchi, Daniele

doi:10.1080/00423110903078794

Cited by 156 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Many railway vehicle safety standards, such as EN 14067-6 (CEN, 2010) and TSI/HS- RST-L64-7/3/2008(OJEU, 2008, have been proposed to evaluate the dynamic response of trains to crosswind action and ensure their operational safety. Reviews of recent international work in this field were presented by Carrarini (2006) and Baker et al (2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the safety of operating high-speed railway vehicles subjected to crosswinds

Xiao

Ling

Xiong

et al. 2014

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A

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Abstract:A coupled vehicle-track dynamic model is put forward for use in investigating the safety effects of crosswinds on the operation of a high-speed railway vehicle. In this model, the vehicle is modeled as a nonlinear multi-body system, and the ballasted track is modeled as a three-layer discrete elastic support system. The steady aerodynamic forces caused by crosswinds are modeled as ramp-shaped external forces being exerted on the vehicle body. This model was used in a numerical analysis of the dynamic response and dynamic derailment mechanisms of high-speed vehicles subjected to strong crosswinds. The effects of the crosswind speeds, crosswind attack angle, and vehicle speed on the operational safety of the vehicle were examined. The operational safety boundaries of a high-speed vehicle subjected to crosswinds were determined. The numerical results obtained indicate that crosswinds at attack angles of 75° to 90° with respect to the forward direction of the vehicle have a great influence on the safety of operating high-speed railway vehicles. The wheelset unloading limit, which determines the position of the warning boundary dividing the safe operating area and the warning area, is the most conservative, i.e., the safest, criterion to use in assessing the high-speed operational safety of vehicles in crosswinds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the safety of operating high-speed railway vehicles subjected to crosswinds

Xiao

Ling

Xiong

et al. 2014

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A

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“…Because aerodynamic loads is proportional to the square of speed, the aerodynamic loads due to reverse air flow and cross wind for high-speed situation are much larger than that for low speed, so the effects of aerodynamic loads have to be considered. There have been some investigations on aerodynamic actions on railway vehcile in some respects [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. These works, however, mostly concerned with seeking characteristics of flow fields or analyzing the forced vibration of vehicle by considering aerodynamic loads as external excitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles and parameter studies

Zeng

Jiang

et al. 2014

Acta Mech Sin

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The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study. A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads: the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system (consequently the contact relations), the wheel/rail normal contact forces, the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments. A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed. A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written, and the critical speeds were calculated using this program. The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method, the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads. It is shown that the most dominant factors affecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not. The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds, while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones. When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered, the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity, whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds. The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads. Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also affect the critical speeds. The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds.

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“…Example of researchers who have experimentally measured the train aerodynamics are Baker et al, 5 Chiu and Squire, 6 Copley, 7 Suzuki et al 8 and Hoppmann. 9 Their investigations focussed on the aerodynamic characteristics such as drag, lift and side force together with the measurement of flow characteristics along the train.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow modelling and noise generation of interacting prisms

Prime

Moreau

Doolan

et al. 2014

20th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference

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Noise generation is a significant issue for High-Speed Trains (HSTs), and as speeds increase aerodynamically generated noise becomes the dominant noise source. In this article, the effect of nose shape, carriage separation and yaw angle on the aerodynamics and noise generation are analysed using two prisms, representing a HST model. The aerodynamics are modelled using Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and the flow velocity and turbulence intensity in various positions in the wake are compared with experimental hotwire data measured in the Anechoic Wind Tunnel (AWT) at The University of Adelaide, with good agreement. Finally, acoustic beamforming images of the noise generated by the interacting prisms measured in the AWT are presented. The acoustic results show that a blunt nose tends to increase noise at lower frequencies significantly, while increasing prism separation tends to increase noise over most frequencies, but most significantly at midfrequencies, and increasing yaw angle increases noise across all frequencies. Beamforming results show that at lower frequencies, this noise tends to be generated at the leading and trailing edges, while at higher frequencies the noise tends to be generated in the carriage gap.

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Cross-wind effects on road and rail vehicles

Cited by 156 publications

References 59 publications

Study on the safety of operating high-speed railway vehicles subjected to crosswinds

Study on the safety of operating high-speed railway vehicles subjected to crosswinds

Influences of aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles and parameter studies

Flow modelling and noise generation of interacting prisms

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