Cross-talk interactions of sucrose and Fusarium oxysporum in the phenylpropanoid pathway and the accumulation and localization of flavonoids in embryo axes of yellow lupine

The role of sugar signaling in plant defense responses against fungal pathogens

“…Expression of the genes of phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes is increased at early stages of infection (Boddu et al 2006). Confocal microscopy also revealed a strong accumulation of flavonoid end products at the early phase of infection in inoculated embryo axes with high sucrose levels, which was consistent with the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes (Morkunas et al 2011). Mobilization of defense mechanisms in plant cells, e.g., the synthesis of flavonoids, requires a large amount of energy, often at the expense of basic life functions of the plant (Gould and Lister 2006).…”

“…In addition, it was shown that sugar-supplemented embryos had a greater activity of peroxidases covalently and ionically bound with the cell wall ). It has also been reported that sucrose and hexoses can play an important role in resistance to fungal pathogens through stimulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism (Forlani 2010;Morkunas et al 2011;Gibertia et al 2012). Phenylpropanoid pathway allows plants to produce various secondary metabolites in defense response to infection (Ferri et al 2009(Ferri et al , 2011.…”

“…There are many reports on the importance of sugar levels in plant resistance to diseases caused by fungal pathogens and oomycetes, but their role as signal molecules in defense responses has only been described in recent publications (Doehlemann et al 2008;Morkunas et al 2011;Bolouri Moghaddam and Van den Eden 2012). This influx of novel data has been provided by studies on mutants, primarily Arabidopsis thaliana, with disturbed sugar signaling pathways, on transgenic plants and thanks to the results supplied by analyses of gene expression (Cho et al 2012;Schenk et al 2012).…”

Plant Responses to Sugar Starvation

“…Genes encoding the enzymes of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway (Hara et al 2003, Morkunas et al 2011) as well as sink-specific enzymes, such as sucrose synthase (Salanoubat and Belliard 1989), granule-bound starch synthase (Visser et al 1991), and extracellular invertase (Roitsch et al 1995), are induced by sucrose or glucose. Sugar-induced gene expression has also been detected for enzymes involved in pathogen and stress response, such as proteinase inhibitor II of potato (Johnson and Ryan 1990), chalcone synthase (Tsukaya et al 1991), and flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes (Morkunas et al 2011).…”

METABOLOMICS UNRAVEL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAMEROON Dura AND DELI Dura OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) GENETIC BACKGROUNDS AGAINST BASAL STEM ROT

“…This suggests some dependence of the plant resistance on sugar levels. However, there are also reports on the importance of sucrose and hexose in resistance to fungal pathogens through the stimulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism (Gibertia et al, 2012;Morkunas et al, 2011;Forlani, 2010). In addition, the accumulation of hexose has been implicated in the expression of hexokinase that can sense soluble hexoses and regulate programmed cell death in plants (Kim et al, 2006).…”