Cross Talk Between Bacteria and the Host Epigenetic Machinery

Bierne, Hélène

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55021-3_6

Cited by 17 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…There should be no misconception as to the widespread usage of such mechanisms. We invite readers to explore this diversity in ours and other reviews on these themes (Bierne, 2017;Connor et al, 2019;Niller & Minarovits, 2016;Rolando et al, 2015;Sinclair et al, 2014).…”

Section: Research Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of the targeting of intracellular organelles by secreted proteins of L. monocytogenes led to the detection of the first virulence protein of this pathogen located in the nucleus, “ Listeria nuclear targeted protein A” (LntA), and to the demonstration that Listeria can directly control the epigenetic machinery in the nucleus (Lebreton et al, ). Such bacterial effectors performing their functions in the host cell nucleus were termed by Bierne and Cossart () as nucleomodulins and have been identified in several other intracellular pathogens (Bierne, ) .…”

Section: Control Of the Bahd1 Epifactor By The Nucleomodulin Lntamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1980s and 1990s, epigenetics became the discipline that studied changes in the expression of genes transmitted during mitosis or meiosis, without altering DNA sequence (Felsenfeld, 2014). This heritability of transcriptional patterns is particularly important during cell differentiation, as it allows each cell to keep "in memory" a gene expression programme specific to its identity, thus F I G U R E 1 Different mechanisms by which Listeria monocytogenes targets the host chromatin and epifactors (adapted from Bierne, H. 2017). Abbreviations and acronyms are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Overview Of Chromatin Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Targeting host epigenetic machinery: TheListeriaparadigm

Bierne

Hamon

2020

Cellular Microbiology

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By modifying the host cell transcription programme, pathogenic bacteria disrupt a wide range of cellular processes and take control of the host's immune system. Conversely, by mobilising a network of defence genes, the host cells trigger various responses that allow them to tolerate or eliminate invaders. The study of the molecular basis of this crosstalk is crucial to the understanding of infectious diseases. Although research has long focused on the targeting of eukaryotic DNA‐binding transcription factors, more recently, another powerful way by which bacteria modify the expression of host genes has emerged: chromatin modifications in the cell nucleus. One of the most prolific bacterial models in this area has been Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular bacterium responsible for serious food‐borne infections. Here, we aim to highlight the contribution of this model to the field of bacteria‐mediated chromatin modifications. We will first recall the general principles of epigenetic regulation and then illustrate five mechanisms that mobilise the epigenetic machinery in response to Listeria factors, either through bacterial molecular patterns, a toxin, an invasion protein, or nucleomodulins. Strategies used by Listeria to control the expression of host genes at the chromatin level, by activation of cytosolic signalling pathways or direct targeting of epifactors in the nucleus, have contributed to the emergence of a new discipline combining cellular microbiology and epigenetics: “patho‐epigenetics.”

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Section: Research Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Control Of the Bahd1 Epifactor By The Nucleomodulin Lntamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Chromatin Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Targeting host epigenetic machinery: TheListeriaparadigm

Bierne

Hamon

2020

Cellular Microbiology

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“…This term comes from the contraction between "nucleus" and "modulins" (i.e., molecules that modulate the behavior of eukaryotic cells [10]). Since 2012, the number of nucleomodulins has continued to increase, illustrating an incredible sophistication in the mechanisms used by bacteria to act on nuclear factors in the host cell, thus facilitating infection or bacterial colonization [11,12]. In this review, after a brief overview of the complex mechanisms governing the dynamics of gene expression in the nucleus, we recall the data obtained on nucleomodulin paradigms and update the different mechanisms of subversion of nuclear processes, illustrated by a variety of nucleomodulins discovered in both human and animal pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Factors Targeting the Nucleus: The Growing Family of Nucleomodulins

Bierne

Pourpre

2020

Toxins

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Pathogenic bacteria secrete a variety of proteins that manipulate host cell function by targeting components of the plasma membrane, cytosol, or organelles. In the last decade, several studies identified bacterial factors acting within the nucleus on gene expression or other nuclear processes, which has led to the emergence of a new family of effectors called “nucleomodulins”. In human and animal pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes for Gram-positive bacteria and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Legionella pneumophila, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli for Gram-negative bacteria, have led to pioneering discoveries. In this review, we present these paradigms and detail various mechanisms and core elements (e.g., DNA, histones, epigenetic regulators, transcription or splicing factors, signaling proteins) targeted by nucleomodulins. We particularly focus on nucleomodulins interacting with epifactors, such as LntA of Listeria and ankyrin repeat- or tandem repeat-containing effectors of Rickettsiales, and nucleomodulins from various bacterial species acting as post-translational modification enzymes. The study of bacterial nucleomodulins not only generates important knowledge about the control of host responses by microbes but also creates new tools to decipher the dynamic regulations that occur in the nucleus. This research also has potential applications in the field of biotechnology. Finally, this raises questions about the epigenetic effects of infectious diseases.

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“…6,7 There is also an epigenetic component in the mechanistic basis of inter-individual differences in immune responses to pathogens. 8 It is therefore tempting to speculate that epigenetic mechanisms could play a role in the transmission of protective defenses against pathogens from parents to offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%