Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses with a focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in animals: a review for the veterinary practitioner

Dunowska, Magdalena

doi:10.1080/00480169.2023.2191349

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Seroconversion was observed in racoon dogs, mink and cattle, while for pigs, antibodies were detected only in three out of six references. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was observed for mink and raccoon dogs, and no transmission was observed for cattle and pigs (Dunowska, 2023;EFSA, 2023). In Ukraine according to offi cial statistics the six mink farms united by the Ukrainian Stock Breeders Association raise 1.1 million minks, which is about 95 % of the Ukrainian market.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the transmission dynamics of MERS-CoV, including its potential to persist in the environment, was essential for devising effective prevention and control strategies for SARS-CoV-2, hich appeared late 2019. Researchers developed experience in the detection and identifi cation of these viruses (Yan Y Chang & Wang L, 2020;Lam T T-Y et al, 2020;Elaswad A et al, 2020;Lu R et al, 2020;Dunowska, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seroconversion was observed in racoon dogs, mink and cattle, while for pigs, antibodies were detected only in three out of six references. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was observed for mink and raccoon dogs, but no transmission has been observed for cattle and pigs so far (Dunowska, 2023;Nielsen et al, 2023). Moreover, the possibility of spontaneous infecting of domestic dogs with SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus from humans was demonstrated (Sit et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to currently unknown and susceptible animal hosts of SARS-CoV-2, new mutations in SARS-CoV-2 may become fi xed in the virus which may make animal species with low sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 more susceptible to infection (Gu H et al, 2020;Kumar A et al, 2021 andMcAloose, D et al, 2020;Naqvi A et al, 2020;Dunowska, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2024

Agric. sci. pract.

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The aim was to gain experience of the animal health services to detect and properly identify SARS-CoV-2 virus with whole-genome sequencing method and its genetic variability in Ukraine in relation to possible future spread of the virus in animals. Methods. Sixteen SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, not sequenced before, were provided by the Center for Public Health of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. These samples were obtained from hospitalized patients from early October to mid-November of 2021. The viral RNA was isolated from nasopharyngeal swab samples of SARS-CoV-2 qPCR positive (Ct 21-28) patients (males and females) with moderate and severe symptoms who were being hospitalized. The samples were fully anonymized. The Ion Torrent S5 instrument (Oxford Nanopore, the USA) was used to sequence the mentioned SARS-CoV-2 isolates, originating from Ukraine. TorrentSuite 5.16.1 was used for data processing and analysis. Nextclade 2.3.0 was used for phylogenetic analysis to locate the 6 sequenced samples on the global phylogenetic tree. It was determined phylogenetic relations between tested 6 sequences and 495 verifi ed sequences of high quality, reported in Ukraine and deposited in the GI-SAID EpiCoV™ database, (https://gisaid.org/) for the period of January 2020 -December 2022. In the comparison of sequences obtained, the sequence of SARS-CoV-2 virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 (GenBank NC_045512.2) was used as a reference sequence, according to which the sequences were aligned. All studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Research Training Center for Animal Disease Diagnostics at the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Results. Among the 16 isolates tested, all were confi rmed to contain SARS-CoV-2 RNA, of which only six isolates were sequenced with suffi cient quality and could be classifi ed, fi ve of them as Delta variants (two belong to lineage AY.126 (B.1.617.2.33), two to AY.122 (B.1.617.2.122), and one to AY.4.2.3 (B.1.617.2.4.2)), and one isolate as an Omicron variant (BA.1.18). Important mutations detected in our isolates were a S:N501Y substitution and S:H69 deletion in the gene of the virus envelope spike protein. Among the examined isolates, the Omicron variant (BA.1.18) was found to exhibit greater genetic variability, with over 60 mutations compared to previous variants. In our investigation, we identifi ed mutations in the sequenced Delta variants too, ranging from 35 mutations in AY.122 (B.1.617.2.122) to 41 mutations in AY.126 (B.1.617.2.33) in the genome compared to the reference Wuhan-Hu-1 (MN908947) variant. Important mutations found regarding infectivity were 1) for the Delta variants: T478K, L452R mutations in the RBD region, and 2) for the Omicron variant: S371L,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seroconversion was observed in racoon dogs, mink and cattle, while for pigs, antibodies were detected only in three out of six references. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was observed for mink and raccoon dogs, but no transmission has been observed for cattle and pigs so far (Dunowska, 2023;Nielsen et al, 2023). Moreover, the possibility of spontaneous infecting of domestic dogs with SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus from humans was demonstrated (Sit et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2024

Agric. sci. pract.

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Whole-genome sequencing of some Ukrainian isolates of SARS-COV-2 virus and analysis of its genetic variability

Nychyk,

Mandygra,

Bezymennyi

et al. 2024

Agric. sci. pract.

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Aim. The aim was to gain experience of the animal health services to detect and properly identify SARS-CoV-2 virus with whole-genome sequencing method and its genetic variability in Ukraine in relation to possible future spread of the virus in animals. Methods. Sixteen SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, not sequenced before, were pro- vided by the Center for Public Health of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. These samples were obtained from hos- pitalized patients from early October to mid-November of 2021. The viral RNA was isolated from nasopharyngeal swab samples of SARS-CoV-2 qPCR positive (Ct 21-28) patients (males and females) with moderate and severe symptoms who were being hospitalized. The samples were fully anonymized. The Ion Torrent S5 instrument (Ox- ford Nanopore, the USA) was used to sequence the mentioned SARS-CoV-2 isolates, originating from Ukraine. TorrentSuite 5.16.1 was used for data processing and analysis. Nextclade 2.3.0 was used for phylogenetic analysis to locate the 6 sequenced samples on the global phylogenetic tree. It was determined phylogenetic relations be- tween tested 6 sequences and 495 verified sequences of high quality, reported in Ukraine and deposited in the GI- SAID EpiCoVTM database, (https://gisaid.org/) for the period of January 2020 – December 2022. In the compari- son of sequences obtained, the sequence of SARS-CoV-2 virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 (GenBank NC_045512.2) was used as a reference sequence, according to which the sequences were aligned. All studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Research Training Center for Animal Disease Diagnostics at the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Results. Among the 16 isolates tested, all were confirmed to con- tain SARS-CoV-2 RNA, of which only six isolates were sequenced with sufficient quality and could be classified, five of them as Delta variants (two belong to lineage AY.126 (B.1.617.2.33), two to AY.122 (B.1.617.2.122), and one to AY.4.2.3 (B.1.617.2.4.2)), and one isolate as an Omicron variant (BA.1.18). Important mutations detected in our isolates were a S:N501Y substitution and S:H69 deletion in the gene of the virus envelope spike protein. Among the examined isolates, the Omicron variant (BA.1.18) was found to exhibit greater genetic variability, with over 60 mutations compared to previous variants. In our investigation, we identified mutations in the sequenced Delta variants too, ranging from 35 mutations in AY.122 (B.1.617.2.122) to 41 mutations in AY.126 (B.1.617.2.33) in the genome compared to the reference Wuhan-Hu-1 (MN908947) variant. Important mutations found regarding infectivity were 1) for the Delta variants: T478K, L452R mutations in the RBD region, and 2) for the Omicron variant: S371L, G339D, S375F, S373P, K417N, N440K, S477N, G446S, E484A, T478K, Q493R, Q498R, G496S, N501Y, and Y505H mutations in the RBD region. Conclusions. The whole-genome sequencing of 6 isolates of SARS-CoV-2 virus was performed, and three sublines of the Delta variant were found: AY.126 (B.1.617.2.33), AY.122 (B.1.617.2.122), AY.4.2.3 (B.1.617.2.4.2) and one subline for the Omicron variant (BA.1.18), all of which were deposited in the international database GISAID as EPI_SET_230516yp. The data obtained in this study add to the existing ones delivered by the Ministry of Health in Ukraine and can be used in laboratories, (including veterinary ones), detecting the SARS-CoV-2 virus in risk animal populations, in order to prevent the spread of the disease to humans and animals, as well as to detect possible mutational changes in the pathogen genome that may affect infectivity and pathogenicity.

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Cross-species transmission of coronaviruses with a focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in animals: a review for the veterinary practitioner

Cited by 2 publications

References 122 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Whole-genome sequencing of some Ukrainian isolates of SARS-COV-2 virus and analysis of its genetic variability

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