Cross Species/Genera Transferability of SSR Markers, Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis in Gladiolus (Gladiolus × grandiflorus L.) Genotypes

Abstract

Genetic diversity and structure analysis using molecular markers is necessary for efficient utilization and sustainable management of gladiolus germplasm. Genetic analysis of gladiolus germplasm using SSR markers is largely missing due to scarce genomic information. In the present investigation, we report 66.66% cross transferability of Gladiolus palustris SSRs whereas 48% of Iris EST-SSRs were cross transferable across the gladiolus genotypes used in the study. A total of 17 highly polymorphic SSRs revealed a total 58 polymorphic loci ranging from two to six in each locus with an average of 3.41 alleles per marker. PIC values ranged from 0.11 to 0.71 with an average value of 0.48. Four SSRs were selectively neutral based on Ewens-Watterson test. Analysis of genetic structure of 84 gladiolus genotypes divided whole germplasm into two subpopulations. 35 genotypes were assigned to subpopulation 1 whereas 37 to subpopulation 2 and rest of the genotypes recorded as admixture. Analysis of molecular variance indicated maximum variance (53.59%) among individuals within subpopulations whereas 36.55% of variation observed among individuals within total population. Least variation (9.86%) was noticed between two subpopulations. Moderate (FST = 0.10) genetic differentiation of two subpopulations was observed. Grouping pattern of population structure was consistent with UPGMA dendrogram based on simple matching dissimilarity coefficient (ranged from 01.6 to 0.89) and PCoA. Genetic relationships assessed among the genotypes of respective clusters assist the breeders in selecting desirable parents for crossing. SSR markers from present study can be utilized for cultivar identification, conservation and sustainable utilization of gladiolus genotypes for crop improvement.

Cross species/genera transferability of simple sequence repeat markers, genetic diversity and population structure analysis in gladiolus (Gladiolus × grandiflorus L.) genotypes

“…The details of gladiolus genotypes including parentage, place of collection, flower colour, plant height and flowering time is provided in Table S1 . Portions of this text were previously published as part of a preprint ( Hiremath et al, 2021 ). Total genomic DNA of individual genotype was isolated from randomly selected young, healthy leaves using a modified cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) protocol of Doyle & Doyle (1990) and further purified to remove excess salts and phenolic residues.…”

Develop a preliminary core germplasm with the novel polymorphism EST-SSRs derived from three transcriptomes of colored calla lily (Zantedeschia hybrida)

“…Among which, Expressed Sequence Tag-SSRs (EST-SSRs) derived from transcribed DNA regions, the majority of which are situated in functional genes, are anticipated to be the most transferrable across species, making them ideal for linkage map construction and comparative mapping. EST-SSR has been developed for a variety of bulbous crops ( Wang et al., 2018 ; Hiremath et al., 2021 ), including colored calla lily, as a result of our prior research. In Z. rehmannii , 200 pairs of primers designed from transcriptome-assembled unigenes were randomly examined, revealing that 137 pairs had amplification products and 58 pairs possessed polymorphisms ( Wei et al., 2016 ).…”