Cross‐species cloning: influence of cytoplasmic factors on development

Sun, Yuhan; Zhang, Zhu

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.272138

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…In one of the rare examples of a successful clone from the nucleus of one species inserted into the enucleated but fertilized egg cell from another species, both the cell and the nucleus contribute to the final structure of the adult. Reproductive hybridization between species has also been shown to produce intermediate forms which can generate speciation [59].…”

Section: Rsfsroyalsocietypublishingorg Interface Focus 7: 20160159mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution viewed from physics, physiology and medicine

Noble

2017

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Stochasticity is harnessed by organisms to generate functionality. Randomness does not, therefore, necessarily imply lack of function or 'blind chance' at higher levels. In this respect, biology must resemble physics in generating order from disorder. This fact is contrary to Schrödinger's idea of biology generating phenotypic order from level order, which inspired the central dogma of molecular biology. The order originates at higher levels, which constrain the components at lower levels. We now know that this includes the genome, which is controlled by patterns of transcription factors and various epigenetic and reorganization mechanisms. These processes can occur in response to environmental stress, so that the genome becomes 'a highly sensitive organ of the cell' (McClintock). Organisms have evolved to be able to cope with many variations at the molecular level. Organisms also make use of physical processes in evolution and development when it is possible to arrive at functional development without the necessity to store all information in DNA sequences. This view of development and evolution differs radically from that of neo-Darwinism with its emphasis on blind chance as the origin of variation. Blind chance is necessary, but the origin of functional variation is not at the molecular level. These observations derive from and reinforce the principle of biological relativity, which holds that there is no privileged level of causation. They also have important implications for medical science.

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Section: Rsfsroyalsocietypublishingorg Interface Focus 7: 20160159mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution viewed from physics, physiology and medicine

Noble

2017

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“…Maternal mtDNA inheritance prevents the occurrence of heteroplasmy between potentially distant mtDNA haplotypes, which may be necessary to avoid the diffusion and transmission of potentially deleterious sperm mtDNA to the progeny. mtDNA heteroplasmy was observed after nuclear transfer in fish [42]. These results suggest that mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy may not affect embryogenesis in cyprinid fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Persistence and Transcription of Paternal mtDNA Dependent on the Delivery Strategy Rather than Mitochondria Source in Fish Embryos

Peng

Wen

Liu

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Mitochondria (MT) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) show maternal inheritance in most eukaryotic organisms; the sperm mtDNA is usually delivered to the egg during fertilization and then rapidly eliminated to avoid heteroplasmy, which can affect embryogenesis. In our previous study, fertilization-delivered sperm mtDNA exhibited late elimination and transcriptional quiescence in cyprinid fish embryos. However, the mechanisms underlying elimination and transcriptional quiescence of paternal mtDNA are unclear. Methods: Goldfish and zebrafish were used to investigate the fate of mtDNAs with different parental origins delivered by fertilization or microinjection in embryos. Goldfish MT from heart, liver and spermatozoa were microinjected into zebrafish zygotes, respectively. Specific PCR primers were designed so that the amplicons have different sizes to characterize goldfish and zebrafish cytb genes or their cDNAs. Results: The MT injection-delivered paternal mtDNA from sperm, as well as those from the heart and liver, was capable of persistence and transcription until birth, in contrast to the disappearance and transcriptional quiescence at the heartbeat stage of fertilization-delivered sperm mtDNA. In addition, the exogenous MT-injected zebrafish embryos have normal morphology during embryonic development. Conclusions: The fate of paternal mtDNA in fishes is dependent on the delivery strategy rather than the MT source, suggesting that the presence of sperm factor(s) is responsible for elimination and transcriptional quiescence of fertilization-delivered sperm mtDNA. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying paternal mtDNA fate and heteroplasmy in cyprinid fishes.

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“…Although there are no known cases of iSCNT using fish, intergenus embryo-derived nuclear transfer has been achieved, resulting in viable offspring (Sun & Zhu 2014). Thus, although it is unclear whether cloning using adult somatic cells is possible, de-extinction is certainly a possibility via the nuclear transfer of well-preserved stem cells, and genome editing may also be a possibility.…”

Section: Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential and pitfalls of de‐extinction

2016

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‘De‐extinction’ is the nascent discipline that aims to one day literally revive now‐extinct species from the dead. Although we have yet to see any successful attempts to truly resurrect an extinct species, several technologies are now in place that might one day provide a plausible solution. Thus, the area is receiving increased attention from both scientists and the general public. However, how far does present technology place us from the ultimate goal? We address the state of the art of several prominent de‐extinction methods: back‐breeding, cloning, synthetic genomics and genome editing, and discuss some of the major outstanding challenges for each. We also discuss some of the wider challenges facing de‐extinction, including both what might constitute the definition of success and what might be needed to successfully take a recreated animal and confer on it the ability to establish itself back in the wild.

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Cross‐species cloning: influence of cytoplasmic factors on development

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Evolution viewed from physics, physiology and medicine

Evolution viewed from physics, physiology and medicine

Persistence and Transcription of Paternal mtDNA Dependent on the Delivery Strategy Rather than Mitochondria Source in Fish Embryos

The potential and pitfalls of de‐extinction

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