Cross-situational generality and the interpersonal circumplex.

Moskowitz, D. S.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.5.921

Cited by 273 publications

(432 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is considerable evidence for the reliability and validity of the specific procedure used. High reliability coefficients among the behavior items (internal consistency) on each scale have been found in two samples (Brown and Moskowitz 1998;Moskowitz 1994 . The reliability and validity of the affect arousal and affect valence scores from the affect grid has been demonstrated in a series of studies (Russell et al 1989).…”

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confidence: 95%

“…This axis has been called by various names including agency, power, and status. Dominant behaviors include setting goals for others or telling others to do something while submissive behaviors include not voicing an opinion or waiting for others to act (Moskowitz 1994). The second axis encompasses agreeable and quarrelsome behaviors.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The second axis encompasses agreeable and quarrelsome behaviors. Sample agreeable behaviors include listening attentively to others and expressing reassurance while quarrelsome behaviors include showing impatience and making sarcastic comments (Moskowitz 1994). Among many labels, this axis has been referred to as communion or affiliation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Examples of items representing submissiveness were: "I gave in," "I avoided taking the lead or being responsible," and "I did not express disagreement when I thought it." For a complete list of items, see Moskowitz (1994).Each dimension of behavior is represented by 12 items in the pool of items. Of the pool of 46 behaviors, one behavior is used for both the dominance and the quarrelsome scales (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Tryptophan on Social Interaction in Everyday Life A Placebo-Controlled Study

Moskowitz

Pinard

Zuroff

et al. 2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

134

100

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In monkeys increasing serotonin function enhances affiliative interactions and promotes the acquisition of dominance. To examine whether similar effects occur in humans, we treated 98 subjects for 12 days with the serotonin precursor tryptophan (1g TID) and for 12 days with placebo in a doubleThe quality and nature of social interactions are defining features of both mental health and psychiatric disorders, but the tools used to study social interaction in psychopharmacological research generally examine global functioning rather than specific aspects of social interaction. Social science research in this area has advanced greatly over the past decade, and it is possible to conceptualize major components of social interaction and how these components are interrelated. While details vary, typically interpersonal behaviors can be organized in a circle defined by two major axes (Carson 1969;Foa 1961;Kiesler 1983;Leary 1957;Wiggins 1995;Wiggins and Broughton 1985). One axis encompasses dominant and submissive behaviors. This axis has been called by various names including agency, power, and status. Dominant behaviors include setting goals for others or telling others to do something while submissive behaviors include not voicing an opinion or waiting for others to act (Moskowitz 1994). The second axis encompasses agreeable and quarrelsome behaviors. Sample agreeable behaviors include listening attentively to others and expressing reassurance while quarrelsome behaviors include showing impatience and making sarcastic comments (Moskowitz 1994). Among many labels, this axis has been referred to as communion or affiliation.The two axes of human social interaction can be studied using an event sampling method. This method assesses individuals' social behaviors and affect in individuals' natural environments rather than in the laboratory. The individual completes a brief questionnaire after each significant social interaction, throughout the 25 , NO . 2 day. Abundant evidence has accumulated demonstrating the reliability and validity of methods for sampling interpersonal behavior and affect in everyday life (Csikszentmihalyi and Larson 1987;Diener and Emmons 1984;McAdams and Constantian 1983;Moskowitz 1994). While behavior along the axes varies greatly from one social interaction to the next, aggregation of behaviors in events across several days provides measures with substantial temporal stability (Brown and Moskowitz 1998). The event-contingent recording procedure (Wheeler and Reis 1991) used in the present study has several advantages. Interpersonal situations are sampled throughout the day, providing reports of behavior and affect at home and at work. Reports of behavior and affect are recorded close in time to their occurrence, so retrospective biases are minimized. It is possible to construct behavior and affect scores for time periods of specified lengths, such as morning, afternoon, and evening, or a day, or a week. Previous research using this method has demonstrated the concurrent relation between interper...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Effect of Tryptophan on Social Interaction in Everyday Life A Placebo-Controlled Study

Moskowitz

Pinard

Zuroff

et al. 2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

134

100

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Reconciling contextualism with the core assumptions of personality psychology

2000

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A core assumption of personality is that individuals are characterized by qualities that are relatively invariant across situations and over time. Historically, this led to a search for evidence of high consistency in a person's behaviour across diverse situations. Empirical studies have shown, however, that, at least for behaviours of interest to social and personality psychologists, cross‐situational variability, rather than consistency, is in fact the norm, creating years of debates and crises regarding the nature of personality consistency. Our goal has been to resolve these crises by showing that people have stable ‘behavioural signatures’ visible in patterns of cross‐situational variability rather than consistency, and by suggesting an alternative conception of personality coherence based on the emerging general model of cognitive–affective processing of social information. In this conception, an individual is characterized by the cognitions and affects that are accessible, and the features of situations that activate them. The personality system, however, is not just a list of such accessible thoughts and feelings, but, rather, a dynamic network of functional relations that guides and constrains their activation. The present paper shows how such a system will produce a characteristic, and stable, pattern of variation of its behavioural output as a function of specific features of situations, and how these signatures of personality reflect the stable system that generates them. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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