Cross sensitivity in colour developers

Abstract

Colour developers are widely used and contact dermatitis and lichen planus-like eruptions from them are well-known. As a result of automation, there have been few recent reports of contact dermatitis from colour developers. We describe here 4 cases of dermatoses from Kodak CD4 colour developer and study their cross sensitivity to other colour developers and PPD. Attempts were made to determine the purity of the patch test allergens to ensure that cross sensitivity was not the result of contamination and decomposition of the allergens.

Hypertrophic Lichenoid Eruption Caused by Exposure to Colour Film Developer Used for Motion Picture Film

“…Previous reports speculated that the lichenoid eruption occurred not due to direct contact with the offending agent, but rather systemic sensitisation from inhalation of CD-2 [9,10]. However, in our case and in those of other authors [5,7,11], the eruption occurred at sites of direct contact.…”

“…There is controversy regarding whether CD-2, CD-3 or CD-4 is the most potent sensitiser [5]. Also, cross-sensitivity is known to occur between the 3 colour developers so that a patient sensitised to one agent will subsequently react to another upon new exposure [5,6]. Yet our patient was negative on patch testing to CD-4 in our photographic series.…”

“…CD-2 is a well-documented cause of contact dermatitis [1,4]. There is controversy regarding whether CD-2, CD-3 or CD-4 is the most potent sensitiser [5]. Also, cross-sensitivity is known to occur between the 3 colour developers so that a patient sensitised to one agent will subsequently react to another upon new exposure [5,6].…”

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-96-0091-2597, Photoart (Stannard Associates, Inc.) Fredricksburg, Virginia.

“…Although many of the newer color developers have reduced toxicity, allergic skin reactions may still occur. 4 All Photoart employees should be warned about the potential for skin reactions to these chemicals and advised to seek medical attention quickly if any unusual conditions are noted. Protective clothing should always be used when handling chemicals.…”

“…Most formaldehyde enters commerce as formalin. 4 Exposure can occur through inhalation and skin absorption. The acute effects associated with formaldehyde are irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract and sensitization of the skin.…”