Cross sections for the production of residual nuclides by low- and medium-energy protons from the target elements C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba and Au

Michel, R.; Bodemann, R.; Busemann, H.; Daunke, R.; Gloris, M.; Lange, H. J.; Klug, Benjamin; Krins, A.; Leya, I.; Lüpke, Matthias; Neumann, S.; Reinhardt, Hugo; Schnatz-Büttgen, M.; Herpers, U.; Schiekel, Th.; Sudbrock, F.; Holmqvist, B.; Condé, H.; Malmborg, Petter; Suter, M.; Dittrich-Hannen, B.; Kubik, Peter W.; Synal, Hans-Arno; Filges, D.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(97)00213-9

Cited by 318 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…The work pointed out that the excitation function for nat Cu(p,x) 62 Zn reaction presented in the CRP is too low as the result of an independent evaluation of the reactions in the original work. Two other earlier works [3] [4] also support the new recommended values. The new recommended curve together with the finally selected experimental data and the original fit is presented in figure 1.…”

Section: Proton Induced Monitor Reactionssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Figure 5 shows the results for the nat Cu(p,x) 62 Zn, nat Ti(d,x) 48 V and nat Cu(α,x) 67 Ga reactions. In the case of 3 He particles induced reactions no integral data were found in the literature, therefore only the calculated thick target yield is shown in the figure. The experimental values are in good agreement with the calculated ones indicating the quality of the recommended cross section.…”

Section: Validation Of the Monitor Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation and upgrading of the recommended cross section data of charged particle monitor reactions

Takács

Tárkányi

Hermanne

2007

Nd2007

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Abstract. An upgrade and validation test of the recommended cross section database for charged particle reactions used for monitoring incident particle beams, published by the IAEA in 2001, is presented. In this upgrading process experimental cross sections published earlier, and not yet included in the evaluation work, or data measured recently were collected and added to the initial database in order to improve the quality of the recommended data. In the study 8 proton, 5 deuteron, 3 helium-3 and 6 alpha particle induced monitor reactions on Al, Ti, Fe, Ni and Cu targets were included. In general the newly compiled experimental results support the previous recommended data, but in a few cases they influence the decision and result in a slightly different group of selected cross section data sets and hence in new recommended cross section values. Spline fitting method was used to calculate the new recommended data from the selected data sets. For benchmarking and validation of the recommended cross section data, experimental thick target yields were collected from literature and some were newly measured. All data sets were critically compared with the integral thick target yields deduced from the recommended cross sections. In this paper only one reaction for each type of bombarding particles is discussed. A comprehensive paper will be published elsewhere including the results for all the 22 investigated reactions.

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Section: Proton Induced Monitor Reactionssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Validation Of the Monitor Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation and upgrading of the recommended cross section data of charged particle monitor reactions

Takács

Tárkányi

Hermanne

2007

Nd2007

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“…Since the 500 MeV proton was injected to the W target placed 20 cm inside from the top surface of the Pb assembly and its range is 12 cm, the experimental reaction rate for the vicinity of the central axis contains the component produced via the 93 Nb(p,pn) 92m Nb reaction. The contribution of the (p,pn) reaction was also calculated using the experimental cross section 30) and found to be appreciable in a limited region at z ¼ 25 cm, as shown by the thick solid line in Fig. 19.…”

Section: Analyses Of Spallation Integral Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Validation of JENDL High-Energy File through Analyses of Spallation Experiments at Incident Proton Energies from 0.5 to 2.83 GeV

Tazaki

Kosako

Fukahori

2009

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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The most updated version of the JENDL high-energy file, JENDL/HE-2007, was validated with a focus on heavy elements of W, Pb, and Hg through analyses of spallation experiments using thick targets at incident proton energies from 0.5 to 2.83 GeV. For this purpose, the processing of the PHITS code system was adjusted to simulate nucleon transport phenomena using only a cross-section library including pionproduction data up to 3 GeV with the aid of an intranuclear cascade evaporation model to treat reactions induced by accompanied pions. It was found that the data up to 3 GeV in JENDL/HE-2007 predict the neutron spectra produced in thick targets with energies lower than 15 MeV with good accuracy while they underestimate those from 20 to 100 MeV by a factor of 0.4 to 0.5. It is also confirmed from analyses of the reaction rates in thick targets that the cross-section data of the dosimetry reactions of 93 Nb(n,4n) 90 Nb and 59 Co(n,4n) 56 Co for high-energy neutron field are reasonable. The present benchmark is the first index that JENDL/HE-2007 is applicable to neutronic design for a spallation-based facility with almost the same accuracy as for a conventional methodology using the intranuclear cascade model of Bertini and generalized evaporation model (GEM).

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“…By comparing them with the available experimental data of four different groups (refs. [6][7][8][9]), it can be concluded that, in general, the database of this reaction seems to be acceptable. However, the values of Nagame et al [9] are systematically lower than those of other authors above 40 MeV.…”

Section: The 197 Au(p3n) 195m Hg Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activity of 196 Au can be determined using three major γ-lines at 33 keV (Iγ = 22.9%), 356 keV (Iγ = 87%) and 426 keV (Iγ = 7%). This reaction was studied in detail by several groups in the past [1,5,6,[10][11][12]. [1].)…”

Section: The 197 Au(ppn) 196 Au Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Au + p nuclear reactions for proton beam monitoring up to 70 MeV

Szelecsényi

Steyn

Walt

2007

Nd2007

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Abstract. Experimentally measured excitation functions are presented for the 197 Au(p,n) 197m Hg, 197 Au(p,pn) 196 Au, 197 Au(p,3n) 195m Hg, 197 Au(p,p3n) 194 Au and 197 Au(p,5n) 193m Hg nuclear reactions up to 70 MeV. The new data are compared with published values, where available. Based on cubic spline fits through the data of the most reliable experimental data sets, recommended excitation function curves are suggested for the above nuclear processes.

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Cross sections for the production of residual nuclides by low- and medium-energy protons from the target elements C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba and Au

Cited by 318 publications

References 119 publications

Validation and upgrading of the recommended cross section data of charged particle monitor reactions

Validation and upgrading of the recommended cross section data of charged particle monitor reactions

Validation of JENDL High-Energy File through Analyses of Spallation Experiments at Incident Proton Energies from 0.5 to 2.83 GeV

Application of Au + p nuclear reactions for proton beam monitoring up to 70 MeV

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